The recipient, and the case four everyday verbs demand: падабацца, падыходзіць, балець and трэба all put the person in the dative.
I can use the dative for the recipient and handle the five constructions that put the person in it.
Schau dir diese Beispiele an. Kannst du das grammatische Muster erkennen?
Дай сястры гэтую кнігу.
Give your sister this book.
Мне падабаецца гэтая песня.
I like this song.
Ён падарыў кнігу свайму брату.
He gave the book to his brother.
Гэта сукенка ёй вельмі падыходзіць.
That dress really suits her.
Achte auf die hervorgehobenen Teile. Was haben sie gemeinsam?
The dative marks the person something is given, said or done to:
A family of very common Belarusian sentences puts the person in the dative and makes the thing the subject. By A2 you have met four of them, and seeing them as one pattern is worth more than learning them separately:
| Construction | Example | Literally |
|---|---|---|
| падабацца | Мне падабаецца песня | to-me is-pleasing the song |
| падыходзіць | Мне падыходзіць гэты памер | to-me suits this size |
| балець | Мне баліць галава | to-me hurts the head |
| трэба / патрэбны | Мне трэба адпачываць | to-me it-is-necessary to rest |
| impersonal states | Мне холадна | to-me it-is-cold |
In none of them are you the subject. English makes the person the subject in all five, which is why they all go wrong in the same direction.
| Masculine | -у / -ю | брат → брату |
| Feminine | -е / -ы / -і | сястра → сястры; кніга → кнізе |
| Neuter | -у | акно → акну |
| Plural | -ам / -ям | браты → братам |
The feminine dative triggers the same consonant changes as the locative: кніга → кнізе, рука → руцэ, страха → страсе.
мне, табе, яму, ёй, нам, вам, ім - by now these should be automatic.
Wende diese Grammatik in den Übungen des Kurses A2 an
ÜbungsaufgabenTypical errors: making yourself the subject in all five constructions, because English does - Я падабаюся песню instead of Мне падабаецца песня.
Making the person the subject of падабацца, балець or падыходзіць
The person is always the dative: Мне падабаецца, мне баліць, мне падыходзіць.
Missing the consonant change in the feminine dative
Кніга gives кнізе, рука gives руцэ, страха gives страсе.
Leaving the possessive out of the dative
Both words move: свайму брату, маёй сястры.
Using Russian pronoun forms
Мне, табе, яму, ёй, нам, вам, ім.
Дай сястры гэтую кнігу.
Give your sister this book.
The recipient in the dative: <em>сястры</em>.
Мне падабаецца гэтая песня.
I like this song.
The person is in the dative and the song is the subject - the verb agrees with the song.
Ён падарыў кнігу свайму брату.
He gave the book to his brother.
Both the possessive and the noun take the dative: <em>свайму брату</em>.
Гэта сукенка ёй вельмі падыходзіць.
That dress really suits her.
<em>Падыходзіць</em> takes the dative of the person and agrees with the dress.
Дзецям трэба спаць, а нам холадна.
The children need to sleep, and we are cold.
Two dative constructions in one sentence: <em>трэба</em> with a plural noun and an impersonal state.
Im Kurs üben
Wende diese Grammatik in den Übungen des Kurses A2 an