PolyglotGym
CourseGrammarWords
LoginCreate Account
CourseGrammarWords

More

LibraryCommunity

Interface Language

Create AccountLogin
PolyglotGym
All languagesCoursesGrammar

Get the App

Download on theApp StoreGET IT ONGoogle Play
PolyglotGym

Learn Spanish online with interactive courses, vocabulary trainer, and more.

Learn

  • All languages
  • Courses
  • Grammar
  • Words
  • Align Vocabulary

Community

  • Library
  • Forum
  • Clubs

Get the App

Learn on the go

Download on theApp StoreGET IT ONGoogle Play

© 2026 PolyglotGym. All rights reserved

Privacy PolicyTerms of Service

CourseGrammarWords
  1. Home
  2. ›Grammar
  3. ›A1
  4. ›Alfabeto y pronunciación
FundamentosA1

Alfabeto y pronunciación

Spanish alphabet, ñ, ll, rr, vowel system, stress rules

Learning Goal

Can spell words and recognize Spanish pronunciation patterns including ñ, ll, rr

Exam Skills:Comprensión auditivaExpresión oral

Look at these examples. Can you spot the grammar pattern?

Hola, ¿cómo te llamas?

Hello, what is your name?

España es un país bonito.

Spain is a beautiful country.

El perro corre por la calle.

The dog runs through the street.

Pay attention to the highlighted parts. What do they have in common?

El alfabeto español tiene 27 letras: las 26 del alfabeto latino más la ñ. La pronunciación española es muy regular — cada letra suena casi siempre igual.

Letras especiales:

LetraSonidoEjemplo
Ñ, ñcomo «ny» en canyonEspaña, niño
LL, llcomo «y» en yescalle, llave
RR, rrvibrante múltipleperro, carro
Hsiempre mudahola, hotel
Jcomo «ch» en Bachjardín, jugar
Zcomo «s» (Latinoamérica) o «th» (España)zapato, azul

Vocales: Español tiene solo 5 vocales puras: a, e, i, o, u. Son siempre claras y cortas.

Reglas de acentuación:

  • Palabras terminadas en vocal, n o s: acento en la penúltima sílaba (ca-sa, ha-blan)
  • Palabras terminadas en consonante (excepto n, s): acento en la última sílaba (ha-blar, ciu-dad)
  • La tilde (´) indica una excepción: café, teléfono

Apply this grammar in A1 course exercises

Practice Exercises
Learners often mispronounce H (it is always silent in Spanish) and struggle with the rolled RR. 🇬🇧 English speakers: Tend to pronounce H as in English, add aspiration to P/T/K, and reduce unstressed vowels to schwa (Spanish vowels are always pure).

Hola, ¿cómo te llamas?

Hello, what is your name?

H is silent in 'hola', LL sounds like 'y' in 'llamas', and the accent on 'cómo' marks the stress.

España es un país bonito.

Spain is a beautiful country.

The ñ in 'España' makes a 'ny' sound. Without the tilde, it would be 'Espana' (a different word).

El perro corre por la calle.

The dog runs through the street.

RR in 'perro' is a strong rolled R (different from single R in 'pero' = but). LL in 'calle' sounds like 'y'.

Practice in course

Apply this grammar in A1 course exercises

A1 Course
← Back to topics

Put it into practice

Try a free exercise from the course