The aorist for completed past actions; transitive verbs put their subject in the ergative (-ma).
I can describe completed past events with regular verbs.
Look at these examples. Can you spot the grammar pattern?
გუშინ მუზეუმში ვიყავი.
Yesterday I was at the museum.
ნინომ გემრიელი ხაჭაპური გამოაცხო.
Nino baked a delicious khachapuri.
რა გააკეთე შაბათს?
What did you do on Saturday?
Pay attention to the highlighted parts. What do they have in common?
The aorist describes completed past actions: გავაკეთე (I did/made), დავწერე (I wrote). Endings: -ე (I/you), -ა (he/she), -ეთ (we/you pl.).
Key rule: with transitive verbs in the aorist, the subject takes the ergative -მა: დათომ წერილი დაწერა (Dato wrote a letter).
Apply this grammar in A2 course exercises
Practice ExercisesKeeping the subject in the nominative with transitive aorists: *დათო წერილი დაწერა instead of დათომ. RU/UK/CS/DE/EN have no ergative, so this is THE persistent error - drill it early.
Nominative subject with transitive aorist
Transform drills present->aorist that force the subject case switch (დათო წერს -> დათომ დაწერა).
გუშინ მუზეუმში ვიყავი.
Yesterday I was at the museum.
Aorist of 'be' (ვიყავი) - intransitive, subject stays nominative.
ნინომ გემრიელი ხაჭაპური გამოაცხო.
Nino baked a delicious khachapuri.
Transitive aorist: Nino takes ergative -მ (ნინომ).
რა გააკეთე შაბათს?
What did you do on Saturday?
2nd person aorist გააკეთე in a question.
Practice in course
Apply this grammar in A2 course exercises