ᲖმნებიC1

Inversion Verbs Across All Series

Class IV verbs through the three series: permanent dative subjects, no ergative ever, irregular perfects (mkonia, shemqvarebia).

Learning Goal

I can carry love-have-remember verbs through every tense without losing the inversion.

Exam Skills:NAEC Georgian C1: ReadingNAEC Georgian C1: Writing

Look at these examples. Can you spot the grammar pattern?

ბავშვობიდან მახსოვს ბებიის ეზოს სურნელი.

Since childhood I remember the scent of grandma's courtyard.

თურმე ეს სიმღერა ბავშვობაშივე შემყვარებია.

It turns out I had fallen in love with this song back in childhood.

პატარა რომ ვიყავი, ძაღლი მყავდა და ველოსიპედი მქონდა.

When I was little, I had a dog and a bicycle.

Pay attention to the highlighted parts. What do they have in common?

Permanently inverted

Class IV verbs (love, have, remember, want) keep their dative subject through ALL series: მიყვარს → მიყვარდა → შემყვარებია. They never take the ergative, their 'object' controls number agreement, and their series III forms (მქონია, მყოლია, შემყვარებია) are irregular enough to deserve flashcards.

Ergative subjects on feeling verbs in the aorist (*Ninom uqvarda) and regularized perfects (*mikvarebia for shemqvarebia).

Common Error Patterns

De-inverting feeling verbs in past/perfect or wrong series III forms

Full-paradigm drills on miqvars/makvs/mqavs/makhsovs across the three series.

ბავშვობიდან მახსოვს ბებიის ეზოს სურნელი.

Since childhood I remember the scent of grandma's courtyard.

makhsovs 'I remember' - a permanent-inversion verb: the rememberer is dative in every tense.

თურმე ეს სიმღერა ბავშვობაშივე შემყვარებია.

It turns out I had fallen in love with this song back in childhood.

shemqvarebia - the perfect of miqvars: inversion verbs build series III on their own pattern.

პატარა რომ ვიყავი, ძაღლი მყავდა და ველოსიპედი მქონდა.

When I was little, I had a dog and a bicycle.

mqavda (animate) vs mkonda (inanimate): the A1 split survives every tense shift.

Practice in course

Apply this grammar in C1 course exercises

C1 Course
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