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CourseGrammarWords
  1. Home
  2. ›Grammar
  3. ›A2
  4. ›Want, Can, Must: minda, shemidzlia, unda
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VerbsA2

Want, Can, Must: minda, shemidzlia, unda

Indirect-subject modals: minda (want), shemidzlia (can), unda (must) with masdar or da-clause.

Learning Goal

I can say what I want, can, and must do.

Exam Skills:NAEC Georgian A2 · ListeningNAEC Georgian A2 · Speaking

Look at these examples. Can you spot the grammar pattern?

ქართული ღვინის გასინჯვა მინდა.

I want to taste Georgian wine.

შეგიძლია ქართულად ლაპარაკი?

Can you speak Georgian?

ხვალ ადრე უნდა ავდგე.

Tomorrow I must get up early.

Pay attention to the highlighted parts. What do they have in common?

Want, can, must

These verbs mark their subject with object-style prefixes: მინდა (I want), გინდა (you want), უნდა (he/she wants); შემიძლია / შეგიძლია / შეუძლია (I/you/he can).

They combine with a verbal noun: ცურვა მინდა (I want to swim), or with a clause: მინდა, რომ წავიდე. Note: უნდა also means 'must': უნდა ვისწავლო (I must study).

Apply this grammar in A2 course exercises

Practice Exercises

Conjugating these like regular verbs (*ვმინდა does not exist - the m- IS the subject marker) and confusing უნდა 'wants' with უნდა 'must' (context decides: მას უნდა წიგნი = he wants a book; უნდა წავიდე = I must go).

Common Error Patterns

Treating indirect-subject modals as regular v- verbs

Paradigm drills on მინდა/გინდა/უნდა and შემიძლია/შეგიძლია/შეუძლია with person-swap exercises.

ქართული ღვინის გასინჯვა მინდა.

I want to taste Georgian wine.

მინდა + verbal noun გასინჯვა.

შეგიძლია ქართულად ლაპარაკი?

Can you speak Georgian?

2nd person შეგიძლია (the გ- marks 'you').

ხვალ ადრე უნდა ავდგე.

Tomorrow I must get up early.

უნდა 'must' + subjunctive ავდგე.

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Frequently asked questions

When do you use Want, Can, Must: minda, shemidzlia, unda?
These verbs mark their subject with object-style prefixes: მინდა (I want), გინდა (you want), უნდა (he/she wants); შემიძლია / შეგიძლია / შეუძლია (I/you/he can).
How do you form Want, Can, Must: minda, shemidzlia, unda?
They combine with a verbal noun: ცურვა მინდა (I want to swim), or with a clause: მინდა, რომ წავიდე . Note: უნდა also means 'must': უნდა ვისწავლო (I must study).
What are common mistakes with Want, Can, Must: minda, shemidzlia, unda?
Conjugating these like regular verbs (*ვმინდა does not exist - the m- IS the subject marker) and confusing უნდა 'wants' with უნდა 'must' (context decides: მას უნდა წიგნი = he wants a book; უნდა წავიდე = I must go).

Related grammar topics

Previous topic: Aorist Past: Regular VerbsNext topic: Object Markers: m-, g-, gv- (Recognition)

Also in Verbs

  • The Verb 'to be' (var, khar, aris)A1
  • 'I have': makvs vs mqavsA1
  • The Present Tense (v- prefix)A1
  • Polite Requests and Basic ImperativesA1
  • Future Tense: Preverbs Make the Future
  • Aorist Past: Regular Verbs
  • Object Markers: m-, g-, gv- (Recognition)
  • Irregular Aorists: I Went, I Said, I Saw
  • Dative Experiencer Verbs: It Hurts Me, I'm Cold, I'm Hungry
  • The Full Aorist ParadigmB1
  • The Optative: unda + I-Should FormsB1
  • unda Across Time: Must, Had To, Won't Need ToB1
  • The Perfect: Have-Done and Apparently-DidB1
  • Version Vowels i-/u-: For Myself, For You (Recognition)B1
  • The Plural -t Inside the VerbB1
  • The Imperfect: Was Doing, Used To DoB1
  • Past Modals: mindoda, shemedzlo, vitsodiB1
  • The Motion Verb System: Six Preverbs, One StemB1
  • The Screeve Map: Three Series, Three Case FramesB2
  • Polypersonal Verbs: Building Who-Does-What-to-WhomB2
  • Causatives: Making Someone Do ItB2
  • The Passive: its'ereba, shendeba, iqidebaB2
  • Participles: Writer, Written, SaidB2
  • Stative Verbs Across Tenses: Stood, Sat, HungB2
  • Giving and Telling: Three-Role VerbsB2
  • Imperative Aspect: Write! vs Keep Writing!B2
  • The Masdar: Verbs as NounsB2
  • Preverbs as Aspect: The Perfective SwitchB2
  • Producing Version: Build, Build for Myself, Build for ThemC1
  • Secondary Preverb Meanings: Re-, Slightly, AccidentallyC1
  • The Four Verb ClassesC1
  • Medial Verbs: Work, Sing, Dance, CryC1
  • Inversion Verbs Across All SeriesC1
  • The Habitual Past: He Would Sit and TellC1
  • Modals Across the Series: Must Have LeftC1

Grammar A2·Grammar Reference