Personal pronouns in nominative case
Can use personal pronouns to refer to people and things
Look at these examples. Can you spot the grammar pattern?
Ech sinn aus Lëtzebuerg.
I am from Luxembourg.
Hatt ass ee Meedchen.
She is a girl.
Dir sidd vu Paräis?
Are you from Paris? (formal)
Pay attention to the highlighted parts. What do they have in common?
D'perséinlech Pronominen am Nominativ:
| Persoun | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Persoun | ech | mir |
| 2. Persoun (informell) | du | dir |
| 3. Persoun | hien (m) / si (f) / hatt (n) | si |
| 2. Persoun (formell) | Dir (ëmmer grouss!) | |
Wichteg: Hatt gëtt fir Saachen an och fir Mënschen (neutral) benotzt: D'Meedchen — hatt. Dir (groussgeschriwwen) ass déi formell Form fir eng oder méi Persounen.
Apply this grammar in A1 course exercises
Practice ExercisesConfusing hien/si/hatt gender
Using si instead of hatt for neuter nouns
Neuter nouns (Meedchen, Kand) use hatt, not si
Using du instead of Dir in formal contexts
Dir (capitalized) is for formal address; du for friends and family
Ech sinn aus Lëtzebuerg.
I am from Luxembourg.
Ech (I) — always lowercase unless at start of sentence, like German ich.
Hatt ass ee Meedchen.
She is a girl.
Hatt is used for neuter nouns. Meedchen is neuter (like German Mädchen), so hatt not si.
Dir sidd vu Paräis?
Are you from Paris? (formal)
Dir (formal you) is always capitalized and uses the 2nd person plural verb form.
Practice in course
Apply this grammar in A1 course exercises