Accusative case for masculine nouns: animate nouns change (usually -a), inanimate equals nominative
Can use masculine nouns in the accusative case as direct objects of common verbs
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Vidím studenta.
I see a student.
Hledám nový byt.
I'm looking for a new apartment.
Znáš toho nového učitele?
Do you know that new teacher?
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English marks the object of a sentence with word order alone: "I see Petr", and Petr does not change. Czech changes the ending: Vidím Petra. This is the accusative (4. pád), the case of the direct object, and it answers koho? (whom?) and co? (what?). English does the same thing with a few pronouns: "he" becomes "him". Czech does it to nouns.
For masculine nouns, everything depends on one question: is it alive?
| Type | Nominative | Accusative | Ending |
|---|---|---|---|
| animate, hard (pán) | student, Petr, pan Dvořák | studenta, Petra, pana Dvořáka | -a |
| animate, soft (muž) | učitel, Tomáš, lékař | učitele, Tomáše, lékaře | -e |
| animate in -a (předseda) | táta, kolega | tátu, kolegu | -u |
| animate in -e (soudce) | průvodce | průvodce | no change |
| inanimate (hrad, stroj) | dům, chléb, čaj, pokoj | dům, chléb, čaj, pokoj | no change |
Animate means people and animals: Mám bratra. Znáš pana Dvořáka? Mám rád tátu. Inanimate nouns stay exactly as they are: Vidím hrad. Dám si čaj.
English speakers make both, often in the same week. Forgetting the ending on a person: *Znám Petr instead of Znám Petra. And, once the rule clicks, adding it to things: *Vidím hrada, *Mám telefona. Ask "alive or not?" before every masculine object.
Some masculine nouns lose an e from their last syllable when an ending is added. It is common among the most everyday words, so meet it now: pes - Mám psa (I have a dog), Karel - Znáš Karla?, Marek - Čekám na Marka. Hence a sentence every Czech would finish for you: Kdo nezná Karla Gotta?
An adjective with an animate noun changes too, to -ého: Mám nového kolegu. Znáš toho vysokého kluka? With an inanimate noun it stays put: Mám nový telefon. The full adjective pattern has its own topic.
A1コースの練習問題でこの文法を応用しましょう
練習問題Vidím studenta.
I see a student.
Student (animate masculine, pán-type) → studenta in accusative. Animate = add -a.
Hledám nový byt.
I'm looking for a new apartment.
Byt (inanimate masculine, hrad-type) stays unchanged in accusative. Inanimate = nominative.
Znáš toho nového učitele?
Do you know that new teacher?
Učitel (animate, muž-type) → učitele. Adjective and demonstrative also change: nový → nového, ten → toho.
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