Vowel length in loanwords: stable short forms (kultura, never *kultúra), variant pairs (benzin/benzín) and traps (téma but tematický)
I can apply the vowel-length rules of loanwords including derivation shortening.
例文を見てください。文法パターンを見つけられますか？
Tematický plán kurzu pokrývá tři hlavní témata.
The thematic plan of the course covers three main themes.
Na túře nám došel benzin do vařiče — móda minimalismu má své meze.
On the trek we ran out of stove fuel — the minimalism fashion has its limits.
ハイライトされた部分に注目してください。共通点は何ですか？
In native Czech words, vowel length is part of the word and rarely in doubt. Loanwords are different: they arrived through German, French, Latin and English at different times, and their length settled in different ways. Some are fixed short, some fixed long, and some have two accepted spellings. English gives no help here: Czech stresses the first syllable of every word, and length is independent of stress, so hotel has no long vowel despite English ho-TEL, while problém has one despite English PRO-blem.
| Group | Examples |
|---|---|
| short only | kultura, literatura, organizace, telefon, hotel, film |
| long only | móda, próza, túra, fáze, éra, kariéra, atmosféra, téma, systém, problém, banán |
| both accepted | benzin/benzín, citron/citrón, balkon/balkón, milion/milión, stadion/stadión, sezona/sezóna |
The doublets are equal in the norm; the Internetová jazyková příručka lists both and you may pick either, as long as you are consistent within one text. Newer English loans tend to keep the length an English speaker hears: víkend, tým, líder, mítink, džíny.
Greek and Latin words in -ma and -ém lose their length in the international derivatives built on them:
This is not a general rule of Czech. Ordinary Czech derivatives keep the length: móda → módní, fáze → fázový, banán → banánový, and even systém → systémový next to systematický. The split is by origin: when the derivative is itself an international word (-atický, -atika), it follows the international shape; when Czech built it with its own suffix, the length stays. Check the IJP when unsure.
Kultúra, literatúra with a long ú are Slovak, not Czech. Learners who have spent time in Bratislava, or who read Slovak sources, carry them over; the Czech forms are short.
C1コースの練習問題でこの文法を応用しましょう
練習問題Tematický plán kurzu pokrývá tři hlavní témata.
The thematic plan of the course covers three main themes.
téma keeps é, tematický loses it.
Na túře nám došel benzin do vařiče — móda minimalismu má své meze.
On the trek we ran out of stove fuel — the minimalism fashion has its limits.
túra and móda long; benzin commonly short.
このトピックのチェックはまだ準備中です
コースで練習
C1コースの練習問題でこの文法を応用しましょう