Personal pronouns in Czech: já, ty, on/ona/ono, my, vy, oni/ony/ona — singular and plural forms for all three genders
Can use all Czech personal pronouns correctly and understand when to drop them in pro-drop contexts
Observe estes exemplos. Você consegue identificar o padrão gramatical?
Ona je z Prahy, on je z Brna.
She is from Prague, he is from Brno.
Mluvíme česky.
We speak Czech.
Oni jsou studenti, ony jsou studentky.
They (masc.) are students, they (fem.) are female students.
Preste atenção às partes destacadas. O que elas têm em comum?
Osobní zájmena v češtině rozlišují rod ve 3. osobě jednotného i množného čísla.
| Osoba | Jednotné číslo | Množné číslo |
|---|---|---|
| 1. | já | my |
| 2. | ty | vy |
| 3. muž. | on | oni (muž. živ.) |
| 3. žen. | ona | ony (žen. / muž. neživ.) |
| 3. stř. | ono | ona (stř.) |
Důležité: Čeština je pro-drop jazyk — podmět se často vynechává, protože je vyjádřen koncovkou slovesa: Mluvím česky (= Já mluvím česky).
Ono se používá pro neživotná podstatná jména středního rodu: To dítě? Ono spí. V běžné řeči se ono nahrazuje slovem to.
Aplique esta gramática nos exercícios do curso A1
Exercícios de práticaUsing an explicit pronoun where Czech pro-drop convention would omit it
Czech verb endings encode the subject. Use pronouns only for emphasis or contrast: Já mluvím česky (emphasis on I).
Using wrong form of 'they' (oni/ony/ona) for the noun's gender
Oni = masculine animate plural, ony = feminine or masculine inanimate, ona = neuter plural
Ona je z Prahy, on je z Brna.
She is from Prague, he is from Brno.
On (he) and ona (she) distinguish gender in 3rd person singular, like most European languages.
Mluvíme česky.
We speak Czech.
The pronoun my (we) is often dropped because the verb ending -íme already shows 1st person plural.
Oni jsou studenti, ony jsou studentky.
They (masc.) are students, they (fem.) are female students.
Czech distinguishes plural 'they': oni (masculine animate), ony (feminine/masc. inanimate). Russian/English use one form.
Praticar no curso
Aplique esta gramática nos exercícios do curso A1