Nominative plural of nouns across all genders
Can form and use nominative plural of common nouns
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Studenti čekají před školou.
The students are waiting in front of the school.
Ty domy jsou nové.
Those houses are new.
Města v Česku jsou krásná.
The cities in Czechia are beautiful.
Зверніть увагу на виділені частини. Що у них спільного?
English makes almost every plural with -s. Czech chooses the ending by the noun's gender and by how its last consonant sounds, and it makes one distinction English never does: for masculine nouns, it matters whether the noun is a person or animal (animate) or a thing (inanimate).
| Type | Ending | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| Masculine, people (hard) | -i, some -ové | student → studenti, kamarád → kamarádi, syn → synové |
| Masculine, people (soft) | -i, some -é | lékař → lékaři, učitel → učitelé |
| Masculine, things (hard) | -y | dům → domy, rohlík → rohlíky |
| Masculine, things (soft) | -e | pokoj → pokoje, čaj → čaje |
| Feminine in -a | -y | žena → ženy, koruna → koruny |
| Feminine in -e | no change | ulice → ulice, růže → růže |
| Feminine in a consonant | -e (píseň type) or -i (kost type) | tramvaj → tramvaje, postel → postele; věc → věci, noc → noci |
| Neuter in -o | -a | město → města, auto → auta |
| Neuter in -e / -í | no change | moře → moře, náměstí → náměstí |
Nationalities and town dwellers ending in -an take -é: Angličan → Angličané, Pražan → Pražané. And the everyday irregulars: člověk → lidé (in speech lidi), dítě → děti.
Before the plural -i of masculine people, some consonants shift:
Only people do this. Compare kluk → kluci with rohlík → rohlíky: the same -k, but a boy is animate and a roll is not. And d, t, n before -i are pronounced soft even though the spelling does not show it, so studenti ends in a soft [ťi], not an English "tee".
The commonest slip is to put -y on every masculine noun because it looks like the regular plural: *studenty, *Čechy for "Czechs". (Čechy exists, but it means Bohemia.) Hold on to one pair: people -i, things -y. Na Karlově mostě jsou vždycky turisté a malíři - "There are always tourists and painters on Charles Bridge."
Застосуйте цю граматику у вправах курсу A1
Вправи для практикиStudenti čekají před školou.
The students are waiting in front of the school.
Masculine animate pán-type: student → studenti (with consonant softening t→ti).
Ty domy jsou nové.
Those houses are new.
Masculine inanimate hrad-type: dům → domy (regular -y ending).
Města v Česku jsou krásná.
The cities in Czechia are beautiful.
Neuter město-type: město → města (-a ending).
Практикувати в курсі
Застосуйте цю граматику у вправах курсу A1