助詞A1

が(主語)

Subject marker が — marks the subject, new information, and grammatical focus

学习目标

Can use が to mark the subject for new information, existence, and with question words

考试技能:JLPT N5 Grammar

观察以下示例,您能发现语法规律吗?

日本語が好きです。

I like Japanese.

あそこに猫がいます。

There is a cat over there.

何がありますか。

What is there?

注意高亮部分,它们有什么共同点?

が — Subject Marker

が marks the subject — especially for new information, with existence verbs, and after question words.

UseExampleMeaning
New infoあめっています。It's raining. (announcing)
Existenceねこいます。There is a cat.
After Q-wordだれましたか。Who came?
Likes/abilityほんきです。I like Japanese.

Key rule: After question words (誰, 何, どこ), always use が, never は.

Using は instead of が after question words; Forgetting が with 好き/嫌い/分かる/ある/いる

日本語が好きです。

I like Japanese.

日本語(にほんご, Japanese) + が(subject) + 好き(すき, liked) + です — with 好き, the liked thing takes が

あそこに猫がいます。

There is a cat over there.

あそこ(over there) + に(location) + 猫(ねこ, cat) + が(subject) + います(exists, animate)

何がありますか。

What is there?

何(なに, what) + が(subject — always が after question words) + あります(exists, inanimate) + か

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