Albánská abeceda a klíčová pravidla výslovnosti
Dokáže rozpoznat albánská písmena a spřežky a vyslovovat základní albánská slova
Podívejte se na tyto příklady. Dokážete rozpoznat gramatický vzorec?
Unë flas shqip.
Mluvím albánsky.
Ku është rruga?
Kde je ulice?
Çaji është i nxehtë.
Čaj je horký.
Zaměřte se na zvýrazněné části. Co mají společného?
Albanian is written in the Latin alphabet with 36 letters: 7 vowels and 29 consonants. Nine of them are two-letter combinations that count as single letters (dh, gj, ll, nj, rr, sh, th, xh, zh), so in a dictionary sh has its own section after s.
The good news: spelling is close to phonetic. Once you know the values below you can read a street sign in Tirana aloud and be understood.
| Letter | Sounds like | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Ë ë | the "a" in "about" | ëndërr (dream) |
| Y y | French "u", German "ü": say "ee" with rounded lips | ylli (the star), dy (two) |
| C c | "ts" as in "cats" | cili (which) |
| Ç ç | "ch" in "church" | çaj (tea) |
| Q q | a soft "ch", made further forward than ç | qytet (city), qershi (cherry) |
| Gj gj | a soft "j", as in "due" said quickly ("dyoo") | gjuhë (language) |
| J j | "y" in "yes" | ujë (water) |
| X x | "dz" as in "adze" | nxënës (pupil) |
| Xh xh | "j" in "jam" | xhami (mosque) |
| Dh dh | "th" in "this" | dhomë (room) |
| Th th | "th" in "think" | thikë (knife) |
| L l / Ll ll | light "l" as in "leaf" / dark "l" as in "full" | lule (flower) / lloj (kind) |
| R r / Rr rr | one tap / a rolled trill | mirë (good) / rrugë (street) |
| Nj nj | "ny" in "canyon" | njeri (person) |
| Sh sh | "sh" in "ship" | shkollë (school) |
| Zh zh | "s" in "pleasure" | zhurmë (noise) |
The one letter that can go quiet is ë at the end of a word: there it is weak or silent. Punë (work) is said "poon". Inside a word ë is pronounced: shtëpi (house) is "shtuh-PEE". Stress usually falls on the last syllable of the stem: shqip, Tiranë (ti-RA-në), qytet (qy-TET).
Použijte tuto gramatiku ve cvičeních kurzu A1
Procvičovací cvičeníUnë flas shqip.
Mluvím albánsky.
Shqip znamená 'albánsky' — všimněte si spřežky sh (jedno písmeno, jeden zvuk).
Ku është rruga?
Kde je ulice?
Rr je vibrující r — delší a silnější než jednoduché r.
Çaji është i nxehtë.
Čaj je horký.
Ç zní jako anglické 'ch' v 'church'. Všimněte si přípony určitého členu -i: çaj → çaji.
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Použijte tuto gramatiku ve cvičeních kurzu A1
A1 Modul 1: Albanian greetings, pronunciation, and first sentences