Official, academic, journalistic, literary and conversational - what each one does to the grammar, and how to tell in one paragraph which you are reading.
I can identify a functional style from a paragraph and write in the one a situation calls for.
Podívejte se na tyto příklady. Dokážete rozpoznat gramatický vzorec?
Забараняецца курыць у памяшканнях установы.
Smoking is prohibited on the premises.
Тут не куры, выйдзі на двор.
Don't smoke here, go outside.
Ці доўга мы яшчэ будзем гэта цярпець?
How much longer are we going to put up with this?
Даследаванне паказвае значную залежнасць паміж гэтымі фактарамі.
The study shows a significant relationship between these factors.
Zaměřte se na zvýrazněné části. Co mají společného?
| Style | Where | Grammar it favours |
|---|---|---|
| Афіцыйна-справавы | laws, contracts, forms | passives, verbal nouns, no first person |
| Навуковы | research, textbooks | terms, impersonals, long subordination |
| Публіцыстычны | press, essays, speeches | rhetorical questions, direct address, emotive lexis |
| Мастацкі | fiction, poetry | everything, including dialect and archaism |
| Гутарковы | speech, letters, chat | ellipsis, particles, diminutives, short clauses |
Style is not decoration; it selects different grammar. The same content, four ways:
Four questions identify a style faster than a list of adjectives:
The official and academic styles carry a specific hazard here: they are the registers where Russian calques concentrate, because so much administrative and scientific writing is drafted in Russian first. З'яўляецца as a copula, у сувязі з тым, што, прымаць удзел - these appear far more often in an official Belarusian text than in a conversation. Writing good official Belarusian is harder than writing good conversational Belarusian, and for that reason rather than any grammatical one.
The literary style borrows from all the others deliberately - a novel may quote a form, a speech and a village conversation on the same page. That is not inconsistency; the contrast is the effect.
Použijte tuto gramatiku ve cvičeních kurzu C1
Procvičovací cvičeníTypical errors: mixing conversational particles into official prose, and importing Russian officialese when the register turns formal.
Mixing conversational markers into formal prose
Particles and diminutives belong to speech.
Importing Russian officialese in formal register
Ёсць, не з'яўляецца; з-за таго, што; браць удзел.
Using the first person in official prose
The style is impersonal throughout.
Writing every register the same way
Each style selects different grammar, not just vocabulary.
Забараняецца курыць у памяшканнях установы.
Smoking is prohibited on the premises.
Official style: impersonal, no agent, no first person.
Тут не куры, выйдзі на двор.
Don't smoke here, go outside.
The same content conversationally: imperative and ellipsis.
Ці доўга мы яшчэ будзем гэта цярпець?
How much longer are we going to put up with this?
Journalistic: a rhetorical question in the first person plural.
Даследаванне паказвае значную залежнасць паміж гэтымі фактарамі.
The study shows a significant relationship between these factors.
Academic style: a verbal noun as subject and no first person.
Ох і халадэча ж сёння, аж вушы пазаклала.
It's freezing today, my ears have gone numb.
Conversational: particles, an augmentative and no formal structure at all.
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Použijte tuto gramatiku ve cvičeních kurzu C1