Кіно, метро, таксі - the words that never change ending, how they get a gender anyway, and how abbreviations agree.
I can use indeclinable nouns and abbreviations with the right agreement, and I know which borrowings do decline.
Podívejte se na tyto příklady. Dokážete rozpoznat gramatický vzorec?
Мы былі ў новым кіно на Незалежнасці.
We were at the new cinema on Niezalezhnasci Avenue.
Без кавы я раніцай не чалавек.
I am no use in the morning without coffee.
Мой брат вучыцца ў БДУ на гісторыка.
My brother studies history at BSU.
Апошняе метро адыходзіць а поўначы.
The last metro leaves at midnight.
Zaměřte se na zvýrazněné části. Co mají společného?
They keep one shape through every case, and the case is shown by the words around them: у новым кіно, з новага кіно.
They still need one, because adjectives and verbs must agree. The rules:
| Kind | Gender | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Inanimate things | neuter | новае кіно, апошняе метро |
| People | by sex | вядомы кутюр'е, старая ледзі |
| Animals | usually masculine | маленькі поні |
| Place names | by the generic word | сонечнае Асло (a city) |
The last rule is the useful one: a place name takes the gender of the noun it belongs to - горад, рака, краіна. So Місісіпі is feminine because it is a рака.
Some borrowings have been fully naturalised and do decline. Кава - coffee - is an ordinary feminine noun in Belarusian: без кавы, з кавай. Belarusian took the word through Polish, not through the international form, and this is why it behaves differently from the Russian equivalent.
Použijte tuto gramatiku ve cvičeních kurzu B2
Procvičovací cvičeníTypical errors: giving an indeclinable noun a case ending, and assigning a place name the wrong gender.
Giving an indeclinable noun a case ending
The surrounding words carry the case.
Treating кава as indeclinable
It declines: кавы, каве, кавай.
Assigning the wrong gender
Inanimate borrowings are neuter; place names follow their generic word.
Declining a letter abbreviation
БДУ, ААН and ЗША stay unchanged.
Мы былі ў новым кіно на Незалежнасці.
We were at the new cinema on Niezalezhnasci Avenue.
<em>Кіно</em> is unchanged; the adjective carries the case and the neuter gender.
Без кавы я раніцай не чалавек.
I am no use in the morning without coffee.
<em>Кава</em> declines - genitive <em>кавы</em>, unlike the Russian word.
Мой брат вучыцца ў БДУ на гісторыка.
My brother studies history at BSU.
The abbreviation does not decline; <em>у</em> plus locative is shown by context alone.
Апошняе метро адыходзіць а поўначы.
The last metro leaves at midnight.
Neuter agreement on an inanimate borrowing.
Шырокая Місісіпі цячэ на поўдзень.
The wide Mississippi flows south.
Feminine because the generic word is <em>рака</em>.
Procvičit v kurzu
Použijte tuto gramatiku ve cvičeních kurzu B2