语音A1
Pinyin-Anlaute
Anlautkonsonanten des Pinyin
Lernziel
Can correctly pronounce all 21 Mandarin initials
Prüfungskompetenzen:HSK 1 Speaking
Schau dir diese Beispiele an. Kannst du das grammatische Muster erkennen?
他知道。
Er weiß es.
我吃饭。
Ich esse.
请喝茶。
Bitte trink Tee.
Achte auf die hervorgehobenen Teile. Was haben sie gemeinsam?
拼音声母 — Pinyin Initials
Mandarin has 21 initials (声母). Most are similar to English, but some require special attention.
| Group | Initials | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Familiar | b p m f d t n l | Similar to English |
| Velars | g k h | h is stronger than English h |
| Palatals | j q x | j≈jee, q≈chee, x≈shee |
| Retroflex | zh ch sh r | Tongue curled back |
| Sibilants | z c s | z≈dz, c≈ts, s=s |
Key: j/q/x only pair with i/ü finals. zh/ch/sh/r never pair with i/ü (the 'i' after them is a special buzzing vowel).
The retroflex zh/ch/sh/r and palatals j/q/x are hardest for learners. Don't confuse pinyin 'q' with English 'q' — it sounds like 'ch' with aspiration.
English speakers: Pronounce x as /ks/ instead of /ɕ/ (like 'sh' with tongue forward), and r as English /r/ instead of retroflex /ɻ/.
Russian speakers: Handle zh/sh well (similar to ж/ш) but struggle with q/x which have no Russian equivalents.
Czech speakers: Czech ž/š/č help with zh/sh/ch, but j/q/x require new articulations.
他知道。
Er weiß es.
zhī verwendet retroflexes zh, anders als z
我吃饭。
Ich esse.
chī verwendet retroflexes ch — Zunge zurückgebogen
请喝茶。
Bitte trink Tee.
qǐng verwendet palatales q, nicht englisches 'kw'
Im Kurs üben
Wende diese Grammatik in den Übungen des Kurses A1 an