Thai-Personalpronomen ผม, ดิฉัน, ฉัน, คุณ, เขา und เรา, Verwandtschaftswörter statt Pronomen und Besitz mit ของ.
Ich kann das passende Wort für „ich“ und „du/Sie“ wählen und sagen, wem etwas gehört.
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ผมเป็นนักเรียนครับ
Ich bin Student. (Mann)
เขาเป็นหมอค่ะ เขาเก่งมาก
Er/sie ist Arzt/Ärztin. Sehr geschickt.
ชื่ออะไรครับ
Wie heißen Sie?
บ้านผมอยู่ใกล้ตลาดครับ
Mein Haus ist in der Nähe des Marktes.
Achte auf die hervorgehobenen Teile. Was haben sie gemeinsam?
Thai pronouns do not change for case: ผม (phǒm) is both "I" and "me". What changes is the choice of word. "I" depends on who you are and how formal the moment is, and in everyday talk Thais often replace pronouns with names, kinship words such as พี่ (phîi) "older sibling", or nothing at all.
Romanisation used here: long vowels are doubled (aa, ii, ɔɔ) and the tone is marked on the first vowel letter - mid unmarked, low à, falling â, high á, rising ǎ; ph, th, kh are aspirated (with a puff of air, as in "pin"), p, t, k are not (as in "spin"), and j stands for จ.
| Thai | Meaning | Who uses it, when |
|---|---|---|
| ผม (phǒm) | I, me | male speakers; polite and suitable almost anywhere |
| ดิฉัน (dì-chǎn) | I, me | female speakers, formal: meetings, the phone, service |
| ฉัน (chǎn) | I, me | female speakers in everyday speech; men use it in songs and with intimates |
| เรา (rao) | we, us; also a casual "I" | anyone; with friends it often means "I" |
| คุณ (khun) | you | polite, to adults you are not close to; also a title before first names |
| เธอ (thəə) | you (close, informal); she (in writing) | friends and partners; "she" in books, songs and the news |
| เขา (khǎo) | he, she, they | the everyday third person, usually pronounced kháo |
| พวกเขา (phûak khǎo) | they | when you want to stress that it is more than one |
| ท่าน (thân) | you, he, she (very respectful) | monks, senior officials, honoured guests |
A woman of thirty may call herself พี่ when talking to a younger colleague: พี่ไปก่อนนะ (phîi pai kɔ̀ɔn ná), "I'm heading off first". Customers call a young waiter น้อง (nɔ́ɔng), a market vendor of their mother's age ป้า (pâa), an older man ลุง (lung). A young woman talking to her elders may call herself หนู (nǔu). Adults are addressed as คุณ + first name, not the surname: คุณสมชาย.
The owner follows the thing: บ้านผม (bâan phǒm) "my house", optionally with ของ (khɔ̌ɔng): บ้านของผม. On its own, ของผม (khɔ̌ɔng phǒm) is "mine". When context is clear, Thai simply leaves the pronoun out. The friendly greeting ไปไหนมา? (pai nǎi maa) ("Where have you been?") has no "you" in it at all.
English has one "I" and one "you" for every situation, and it does not let you drop them. Thai asks you to choose by your gender, the listener's age and how close you are, and it is comfortable without a pronoun. Gender is in the speaker's "I", not in "he" and "she": เขา covers he, she and they, so translate it from context.
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Übungsaufgabenผมเป็นนักเรียนครับ
Ich bin Student. (Mann)
ผม (phǒm) is the ordinary "I" for a man, polite enough for almost any situation.
เขาเป็นหมอค่ะ เขาเก่งมาก
Er/sie ist Arzt/Ärztin. Sehr geschickt.
เขา (khǎo, said kháo) is he, she or they; context tells you which. The speaker here is a woman (ค่ะ).
ชื่ออะไรครับ
Wie heißen Sie?
No pronoun at all: "name what?". Thai drops the "you" when it is obvious who is meant.
บ้านผมอยู่ใกล้ตลาดครับ
Mein Haus ist in der Nähe des Marktes.
The owner comes after the thing: บ้านผม, "house me" = my house.
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Wende diese Grammatik in den Übungen des Kurses A1 an
A1 Module 1: Thai greetings, script, and first sentences