Vietnamesische Konsonanten
Konsonanten: Einzel- und Digraphen (ch, gh, gi, kh, ng, ngh, nh, ph, qu, th, tr)
Kann vietnamesische Konsonanten und Digraphen aussprechen, einschließlich wortanfänglichem NG und der D/Đ-Unterscheidung
Schau dir diese Beispiele an. Kannst du das grammatische Muster erkennen?
Phở rất ngon!
Pho ist sehr lecker!
Nhà bạn ở đâu?
Wo ist dein Haus?
Không, cảm ơn.
Nein, danke.
Achte auf die hervorgehobenen Teile. Was haben sie gemeinsam?
Phụ âm — Vietnamese Consonants
Vietnamese consonants include 17 single consonants and 11 digraphs (two-letter combinations). Several look familiar but sound very different from English!
| Consonant | Sound (North) | Sound (South) | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| b | /ɓ/ implosive b | /ɓ/ | ba (three/dad) |
| c | /k/ | /k/ | cá (fish) |
| d | /z/ | /j/ (y) | da (skin) |
| đ | /d/ | /d/ | đi (go) |
| g/gh | /ɣ/ | /ɣ/ | gà (chicken) |
| gi | /z/ | /j/ (y) | giá (price) |
| h | /h/ | /h/ | học (study) |
| kh | /x/ | /kh/ | không (no) |
| ng/ngh | /ŋ/ | /ŋ/ | ngon (delicious) |
| nh | /ɲ/ | /ɲ/ | nhà (house) |
| ph | /f/ | /f/ | phở (pho soup) |
| qu | /kw/ | /w/ | quốc (nation) |
| r | /z/ | /r/ | ra (out) |
| th | /tʰ/ | /tʰ/ | thích (like) |
| tr | /ʈ/ retroflex | /ʈ/ | trời (sky/heaven) |
North vs South differences: The biggest variations are D/GI/R — in the North they all sound like /z/, in the South D/GI sound like /j/ and R is a real /r/. This is the most distinctive accent difference!
Initial NG: Vietnamese words can START with /ŋ/ (ng-): ngon (delicious), người (person). This sound exists in English 'siNG' but never at the start of a word — very tricky!
Häufige Fehlermuster
Cannot produce word-initial /ŋ/ (ng-)
Practice: say 'singing' → hold the final 'ng' → now start a word with it: 'ng-on' (delicious). Start slowly.
Pronounced PH as aspirated P instead of /f/
Vietnamese PH = /f/ (like English 'fun'). Phở = fuh, not p-huh.
Phở rất ngon!
Pho ist sehr lecker!
PH = /f/ (nicht 'p-h'!), NG am Anfang von ngon — übe, indem du 'sing on' sagst und 'si-' weglässt.
Nhà bạn ở đâu?
Wo ist dein Haus?
NH = /ɲ/ wie spanisches ñ oder italienisches gn. Also klingt nhà wie 'nja' (mit huyền-Ton).
Không, cảm ơn.
Nein, danke.
KH = /x/ wie deutsches 'ach'. Không ist das wichtigste vietnamesische Wort — es bedeutet 'nein' und verneint Verben!
Im Kurs üben
Wende diese Grammatik in den Übungen des Kurses A1 an