Sentence structureB2
Conditional 3 and mixed conditionals
Unreal past with if + past perfect / would have done, and mixing past causes with present results
Learning Goal
I can speculate about the unreal past and link past causes to present results.
Exam Skills:B2 First Use of English
Look at these examples. Can you spot the grammar pattern?
If you'd told me about the strike, I wouldn't have driven to the airport.
If you'd told me about the strike, I wouldn't have driven to the airport.
If she hadn't moved to Manchester, she wouldn't be running a bakery today.
If she hadn't moved to Manchester, she wouldn't be running a bakery today.
Pay attention to the highlighted parts. What do they have in common?
Type 3 rewrites the past; mixed types cross the timeline:
| Type | Pattern | Example |
|---|---|---|
| 3 (unreal past) | if + past perfect → would have + p.p. | If we had left earlier, we would have caught the train. |
| mixed past→present | if + past perfect → would + verb | If I had taken that job, I would live in Leeds now. |
| mixed present→past | if + past → would have + p.p. | If I weren't so stubborn, I would have apologized. |
Contractions blur in speech: If we'd left… we'd have caught…
Apply this grammar in B2 course exercises
Practice Exercises
- *If I would have known → If I had known
- *would had → would have
- Mixed type mismatch: now-result needs would + base, not would have
Common Error Patterns
would have inside the if-clause
if + had done; would have only in the result
Result time ignored in mixed types
Now-result → would + base; past result → would have + p.p.
If you'd told me about the strike, I wouldn't have driven to the airport.
If you'd told me about the strike, I wouldn't have driven to the airport.
Full type 3 with contracted 'd.
If she hadn't moved to Manchester, she wouldn't be running a bakery today.
If she hadn't moved to Manchester, she wouldn't be running a bakery today.
Mixed: past choice → present result (would be running).
Practice in course
Apply this grammar in B2 course exercises