The i-...-eba and -d-eba passives for agentless processes (its'ereba, shendeba, iqideba).
I can describe processes, availability, and rules with passive forms.
Look at these examples. Can you spot the grammar pattern?
แแก แกแแฎแแ แแก แฌแแแแ แแแขแแ แจแแแแแแ... แฎแฃแแ แแแแ, แแแแ แแ แแแแแแกแจแ แงแแแแแคแแ แ แแแแ แจแแแแแแ.
This house has been under construction for over a hundred years... a joke, but in Tbilisi everything gets built slowly.
แแ แแแฆแแแแแจแ แแแ แแ แฆแแแแ แแงแแแแแ.
Good wine is sold in this shop.
แฅแแ แแฃแแจแ แแก แกแแขแงแแ แแ แแแแ แแ แแฌแแ แแแ.
In Georgian this word is written in two ways.
Pay attention to the highlighted parts. What do they have in common?
Two passive shapes: prefixal แ-...-แแแ (แแฌแแ แแแ is written, แแงแแแแแ is sold) and suffixal -แ-แแแ (แจแแแแแแ is being built, แแแแแ warms up). They describe processes and states without naming an agent - the voice of shop signs, instructions, and weather reports.
Apply this grammar in B2 course exercises
Practice ExercisesActive calques where the passive is idiomatic (*amas ts'eren orgvarad for 'it is written two ways') and English-style by-agents - Georgian passives rarely name the doer.
Active forms where the i-/-d-eba passive is idiomatic, or inventing agents for agentless passives
Sign-reading drills: iqideba/kiravdeba/its'ereba in real-world contexts.
แแก แกแแฎแแ แแก แฌแแแแ แแแขแแ แจแแแแแแ... แฎแฃแแ แแแแ, แแแแ แแ แแแแแแกแจแ แงแแแแแคแแ แ แแแแ แจแแแแแแ.
This house has been under construction for over a hundred years... a joke, but in Tbilisi everything gets built slowly.
shendeba 'is being built' - the -d-eba passive of ashenebs.
แแ แแแฆแแแแแจแ แแแ แแ แฆแแแแ แแงแแแแแ.
Good wine is sold in this shop.
iqideba 'is sold/for sale' - the i- passive, a shop-window staple.
แฅแแ แแฃแแจแ แแก แกแแขแงแแ แแ แแแแ แแ แแฌแแ แแแ.
In Georgian this word is written in two ways.
its'ereba 'is written' - perfect for talking about the language itself.
Practice in course
Apply this grammar in B2 course exercises