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CourseGrammarDictionaryVocabulary
  1. Home
  2. ›Grammar
  3. ›A1
  4. ›विशेषण
विशेषणA1

विशेषण

Variable (-ा/-ी/-े) and invariable adjectives with gender/number agreement

Learning Goal

Can use adjectives with correct gender/number agreement

Exam Skills:WritingSpeaking

Look at these examples. Can you spot the grammar pattern?

यह अच्छा लड़का है।

This is a good boy.

वह बड़ी किताब है।

That is a big book.

छोटे बच्चे खेलते हैं।

The small children play.

वह सुन्दर लड़की है।

She is a beautiful girl.

Pay attention to the highlighted parts. What do they have in common?

विशेषण — Adjectives

Hindi adjectives fall into two types:

TypeMasc.Sg.Fem.Masc.Pl.Example
Variable (-ा)-ा-ी-ेअच्छा/अच्छी/अच्छे
Invariableno changeसुन्दर, ख़ूबसूरत

Variable adjectives ending in -ा change to match the noun: बड़ा कमरा (big room, m.sg.), बड़ी किताब (big book, f.), बड़े लड़के (big boys, m.pl.). In oblique case masculine singular also becomes -े: बड़े कमरे में (in the big room).

Invariable adjectives (not ending in -ा) never change: सुन्दर लड़की, सुन्दर लड़के.

Apply this grammar in A1 course exercises

Practice Exercises
Learners forget to change variable adjectives in oblique case (बड़ा कमरे में → बड़े कमरे में). Invariable adjectives are often incorrectly inflected. 🇬🇧 English speakers: English adjectives never change form, so remembering gender/number/case agreement is entirely new.

Common Error Patterns

Adjective not matching noun gender/number/case

Check if the adjective ends in -ा: if so, change to -ी (fem) or -े (m.pl./oblique)

Incorrectly inflecting an invariable adjective

Adjectives not ending in -ा (like सुन्दर, ख़ूबसूरत) never change form

यह अच्छा लड़का है।

This is a good boy.

अच्छा (good) takes -ा ending for masculine singular noun लड़का.

वह बड़ी किताब है।

That is a big book.

बड़ा → बड़ी because किताब is feminine.

छोटे बच्चे खेलते हैं।

The small children play.

छोटा → छोटे for masculine plural बच्चे.

वह सुन्दर लड़की है।

She is a beautiful girl.

सुन्दर is invariable — it doesn't change for gender or number.

Practice in course

Apply this grammar in A1 course exercises

A1 Course
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Put it into practice

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Frequently asked questions

When is विशेषण used?
Variable adjectives ending in -ा change to match the noun: बड़ा कमरा (big room, m.sg.), बड़ी किताब (big book, f.), बड़े लड़के (big boys, m.pl.). In oblique case masculine singular also becomes -े : बड़े कमरे में (in the big room).
How is विशेषण formed?
Invariable adjectives (not ending in -ा) never change: सुन्दर लड़की , सुन्दर लड़के .
What are common mistakes with विशेषण?
Learners forget to change variable adjectives in oblique case (बड़ा कमरे में → बड़े कमरे में). Invariable adjectives are often incorrectly inflected. 🇬🇧 English speakers: English adjectives never change form, so remembering gender/number/case agreement is entirely new. 🇷🇺 Russian speakers: Russian has adjective agreement (большой/большая/большое), so the concept is familiar — just learn the Hindi endings. 🇨🇿 Czech speakers: Czech adjective declension is similar in concept but with more cases; Hindi's two-type system is simpler.

Related grammar topics

  • लिंग व्यवस्था
  • तुलना