Grammar Reference

Hindi vowels and their matra forms

I can recognize and read all 11 Hindi vowels

33 Hindi consonants by articulation group

I can recognize all 33 Hindi consonants and understand aspiration

Special signs and consonant combinations

I can read conjuncts and understand nasalization marks

Hindi SOV word order and basic patterns

I can form basic Hindi sentences in SOV order

Negation with नहीं, न, and मत

Can make negative statements and prohibitions

Question words: कौन/क्या/कहाँ/कब/क्यों/कैसे/कितना + क्या as yes/no marker

Can ask and understand basic questions

Conjunctions: और/लेकिन/या/क्योंकि/इसलिए/कि

Can connect ideas using basic Hindi conjunctions for addition, contrast, alternatives, and cause/result

Hindi pronouns with 3-tier formality

I can use Hindi pronouns with appropriate formality

Possessives: मेरा/तेरा/तुम्हारा/आपका/उसका/हमारा + agreement

Can express possession using Hindi possessive pronouns with correct gender/number agreement

Present tense of होना: हूँ, है, हो, हैं

I can conjugate होना and form negative sentences

Present habitual tense: stem + ता/ती/ते + हूँ/है/हैं

Can describe habitual actions and daily routines

Simple past tense: stem + -ा/-ी/-े with split ergativity introduction

Can narrate past events using simple past with intransitive verbs

Transitive past: subject + ने, verb agrees with object (split ergativity)

Can form transitive past tense sentences with correct ने marking and object agreement

Imperative forms: तू (bare stem), तुम (-ओ), आप (-इए) commands

Can give commands and make requests at appropriate politeness levels

Present progressive: stem + रहा/रही/रहे + हूँ/है/हैं

Can describe actions happening right now using the progressive tense with correct gender agreement

Future tense: stem + -ऊँगा/-एगा/-एँगे etc.

Can express future plans and intentions using the Hindi future tense with correct person/gender suffixes

Modal verbs: infinitive + चाहना (want) / सकना (can)

Can express wants and abilities using चाहना and सकना with correct verb forms

Dative subject verbs: मुझे भूख लगी, मुझे पसन्द है

Can express physical sensations, preferences, and knowledge using dative-subject constructions

M/F gender with adjective and verb agreement

I can identify noun gender and apply agreement

Noun/adjective form changes before postpositions

I can apply oblique case to nouns and adjectives

Possessive postposition with gender agreement

I can express possession with correct gender agreement

Locative postpositions and oblique case introduction

I can use में/पर for location and apply oblique case

को as dative/object marker + pronoun forms (मुझे/तुम्हें/उसे/हमें/इन्हें)

Can use को for indirect objects, experiencer constructions, and specific direct objects

से: from, by, with (instrument), comparison

Can express origin, instrument, and comparison using से

Compound postpositions: के लिए, के बारे में, के साथ, के बाद, के पहले

Can use common compound postpositions to express purpose, accompaniment, time sequence, and topic

Variable (-ा/-ी/-े) and invariable adjectives with gender/number agreement

Can use adjectives with correct gender/number agreement

Numbers 1-100: each with unique Hindi form (not compositional like English)

Can use Hindi numbers 1-100 in everyday contexts

Days, clock time, कल = yesterday AND tomorrow

Can tell time, name days of the week, and use कल/आज/परसों correctly with appropriate tense

Adverbs of place (यहाँ/वहाँ), time (अभी/फिर), manner (धीरे/जल्दी)

Can use common Hindi adverbs of place, time, manner, and degree in correct sentence position

Three-tier honorific system: तू < तुम < आप + जी suffix

Can choose the appropriate level of formality (तू/तुम/आप) and use जी to show respect