文字と発音A1

Katakana

The katakana syllabary — used for loanwords, foreign names, onomatopoeia, and emphasis

Learning Goal

Can read and write katakana for loanwords, foreign names, and onomatopoeia

Exam Skills:JLPT N5 ListeningJLPT N5 Reading

Look at these examples. Can you spot the grammar pattern?

コーヒーをください。

Coffee, please.

テレビを見ます。

I watch television.

Pay attention to the highlighted parts. What do they have in common?

カタカナ — Katakana

Katakana has the same sounds as hiragana but angular shapes. It is used for:

  • Loanwords: コーヒー (coffee), パソコン (personal computer), テレビ (television)
  • Foreign names: マイク (Mike), ロンドン (London)
  • Onomatopoeia: ワンワン (woof-woof), ニャーニャー (meow-meow)
  • Emphasis: like italics in English

Long vowels use the chōon mark ー: コーヒー (kōhī), ケーキ (kēki = cake).

Extra sounds for foreign words: ティ(ti), ディ(di), ファ(fa), フィ(fi), ヴァ(va). These don't exist in native Japanese.

Common pairs to confuse: シ(shi)/ツ(tsu), ソ(so)/ン(n) — pay attention to stroke direction!

Confusing シ(shi)/ツ(tsu) and ソ(so)/ン(n) — stroke direction is the key difference. 🇬🇧 English speakers: Tend to spell English loanwords phonetically from English rather than from Japanese pronunciation (e.g., writing マクダナルド instead of マクドナルド).

コーヒーをください。

Coffee, please.

コーヒー (kōhī, from English 'coffee') + を (object particle) + ください (please give me)

テレビを見ます。

I watch television.

テレビ (terebi, from English 'television') — loanwords always use katakana

Practice in course

Apply this grammar in A1 course exercises

A1 Course
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