BilêvkirinA1

Kurdish (Kurmanji) alphabet: 31 letters with ç, ê, î, û, ş and special digraphs

Kurdish (Kurmanji) alphabet: 31 letters with ç, ê, î, û, ş and special digraphs

Learning Goal

Can recognize and pronounce all Kurmanji letters including ç, ê, î, û, ş, x, q

Exam Skills:AxaftinGuhdarîkirin

Look at these examples. Can you spot the grammar pattern?

Rojbaş! Ez ji Kurdistan im.

Good day! I am from Kurdistan.

Çavên wê gelek xweşik in.

Her eyes are very beautiful.

Qehweyeke germ, ji kerema xwe.

A hot coffee, please.

Pay attention to the highlighted parts. What do they have in common?

Alfabeya Kurmancî 31 tîp hene: A B C Ç D E Ê F G H I Î J K L M N O P Q R S Ş T U Û V W X Y Z.

TîpBilêvkirinMînak
Ç/ç[tʃ] — wek "ch" yê Îngilîzîçav (çav = eye)
Ê/ê[eː] — e dirêjêvar (evening)
Î/î[iː] — i dirêjjîn (life/woman)
Û/û[uː] — u dirêj (face)
Ş/ş[ʃ] — wek "sh" yê Îngilîzîşev (night)
X/x[x] — wek "ch" yê Almanîxwendin (to read)
Q/q[qʰ] — ji qirika paşqehwe (coffee)

Dengdêrên dirêj: ê, î, û — dengdêrên dirêj in, e, i, u — dengdêrên kin in.

Learners confuse short/long vowels (e/ê, i/î, u/û) and struggle with q [qʰ] and x [x]. 🇬🇧 E

Common Error Patterns

Confusing short e/i/u with long ê/î/û

Short: e [ɛ], i [ɪ], u [ʊ]. Long: ê [eː], î [iː], û [uː]. Length changes meaning.

Pronouncing q as [k] or x as [ks]

Q = uvular [qʰ] (back of throat). X = velar fricative [x] (like German ch in Bach).

Rojbaş! Ez ji Kurdistan im.

Good day! I am from Kurdistan.

Rojbaş = good day (roj=day + baş=good). Note ş [ʃ] sound.

Çavên wê gelek xweşik in.

Her eyes are very beautiful.

Ç [tʃ] in çav (eye). X [x] in xweşik (beautiful). Ê [eː] in çavên (eyes-of).

Qehweyeke germ, ji kerema xwe.

A hot coffee, please.

Q [qʰ] in qehwe (coffee) — uvular stop, deeper than k. Ji kerema xwe = please.

Practice in course

Apply this grammar in A1 course exercises

A1 Course
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