Grammar Reference

Kurdish (Kurmanji) alphabet: 31 letters with ç, ê, î, û, ş and special digraphs

Can recognize and pronounce all Kurmanji letters including ç, ê, î, û, ş, x, q

Personal pronouns in nominative and oblique cases

Can use personal pronouns in nominative and oblique forms

Expressing possession with izafe + oblique pronouns

Can express possession using izafe + oblique pronouns

Demonstrative pronouns: ev (this), ew (that)

Can use demonstrative pronouns ev/ew with correct oblique forms

Verb 'bûn' (to be) in present tense

Can conjugate 'bûn' as copula suffix and in basic sentences

Expressing 'to have' and existence with hebûn

Can express possession and existence with hebûn/tunebûn

Present tense with di- prefix for regular verbs

Can conjugate regular verbs in present tense with di- prefix

Simple past tense with split ergativity introduction

Can form basic past tense sentences understanding ergative alignment

Imperative mood for commands and requests

Can give commands and make polite requests

Motion verbs: çûn, hatin, derketin

Can use motion verbs çûn, hatin, derketin in present and past

Two grammatical genders: masculine and feminine

Can identify and use masculine and feminine gender in nouns

Izafe construction: the linking vowel -a/-ê between noun and modifier

Can use izafe construction to link nouns with adjectives and possessors

Noun plural formation with -an oblique

Can form and use noun plurals in nominative and oblique

Negation with na-, ne-, ni-

Can negate sentences in present tense and imperative

Yes/no questions and question words: kî, çi, li ku, çawa, kengê, çend, çima

Can form yes/no questions and use question words

SOV word order: Subject-Object-Verb

Can construct sentences with correct SOV word order

Conjunctions: û, an, lê, ji ber ku, ku, çimkî

Can connect clauses using common conjunctions

Cardinal numbers from 1 to 20

Can count from 1 to 20 and use numbers in context

Prepositions: li, di...de, bi, ji, bo, ber

Can use common prepositions for location, direction, and relationships

Adjectives with izafe construction

Can use adjectives with correct izafe linking

Essential daily expressions and social formulas

Can use essential daily expressions for greetings, thanks, and social interaction