FonētikaA1

Vowels & Diphthongs

Short vs long vowels and Latvian diphthongs

Learning Goal

Can distinguish short and long vowels and recognize common Latvian diphthongs

Exam Skills:VISC-A1

Look at these examples. Can you spot the grammar pattern?

Kazas ir dārzā.

The goats are in the garden.

Saule spīd.

The sun is shining.

Piena maize ir garda.

The milk bread is delicious.

Pay attention to the highlighted parts. What do they have in common?

Latviešu valodā ir 12 patskaņi: 6 īsie (a, e, i, o, u) un 6 garie (ā, ē, ī, ō, ū). Garumzīme (ˉ) maina nozīmi!

ĪsaisGaraisPiemērs
aākazas (kazas) vs kāzas (kāzas)
eēzeme (zeme) vs zēns (zēns)
iīpile (pile) vs pīle (pīle)
uūluki vs lūki

Divskaņi (diftongi):

DivskanisPiemērs
aimaize (maize)
ausaule (saule)
eimeita (meita)
iepiens (piens)
uipuisis (puisis)
uosuo (suņa)

Svarīgi: Patskaņu garums ir fonemātisks — tas maina vārda nozīmi: kazas (goats) ≠ kāzas (wedding).

Vowel length is phonemic — kazas (goats) vs kāzas (wedding). Learners often ignore the macron. 🇬🇧 English speakers: English doesn't distinguish vowel length phonemically, so learners ignore macrons and confuse minimal pairs.

Kazas ir dārzā.

The goats are in the garden.

Kazas (short a) = goats. Compare: kāzas (long ā) = wedding.

Saule spīd.

The sun is shining.

Saule contains the diphthong au. Spīd has a long ī.

Piena maize ir garda.

The milk bread is delicious.

Piena has diphthong ie. Maize has diphthong ai.

Practice in course

Apply this grammar in A1 course exercises

A1 Course
← Back to topics