Байх/Байхгүй: эзэмшил
Look at these examples. Can you spot the grammar pattern?
Надад машинтай.
I have a car.
Надад цаг байхгүй.
I don't have time.
Танд ах байна уу?
Do you have an older brother?
Pay attention to the highlighted parts. What do they have in common?
Эзэмшлийг хамтын нөхцөл (-тай/-тэй/-той/-тэй) ба байх/байхгүй-ээр илэрхийлнэ.
Надад X байна = I have X (lit. To-me X exists). Надад X байхгүй = I don't have X.
Загвар: [Хүн]-д [зүйл]-тай/-тэй байна.
Common Error Patterns
Using nominative instead of dative for the possessor
Wrong vowel in -тай/-тэй/-той suffix
Надад машинтай.
I have a car.
Надад (to me/dative) + машинтай (with car) = I have a car.
Надад цаг байхгүй.
I don't have time.
Байхгүй (not exist) negates possession: надад + noun + байхгүй.
Танд ах байна уу?
Do you have an older brother?
Question: танд (to you) + ах (older brother) + байна уу?
Practice in course
Apply this grammar in A1 course exercises