Grammar Reference

Persian alphabet: 32 letters, RTL writing, 4 extra letters (پ چ ژ گ)

I can read and write Persian script.

Personal pronouns: من/تو/او/ما/شما/آن‌ها + formal شما

I can use Persian pronouns correctly.

Demonstratives: این (this), آن (that), اینجا (here), آنجا (there)

I can use این/آن.

Possession: مالِ من (mine), ضمایر ملکی suffix forms -م/-ت/-ش/-مان/-تان/-شان

I can use مالکیت.

Verb بودن (to be): هستم/هستی/است/هستیم/هستید/هستند + short forms

I can conjugate بودن and use suffix forms.

Verb داشتن (to have): دارم/داری/دارد/داریم/دارید/دارند

I can use فعل داشتن.

Simple present tense: می + verb stem + personal endings

I can use فعل حال ساده.

Simple past tense: past stem + personal endings

I can use فعل گذشته ساده.

Want/desire: می‌خواهم (I want), expressing wishes and needs

I can use فعل خواستن.

Ezafe construction: the linking -e/-ye between noun+adjective and noun+noun

I can use ezafe to link words.

Negation: نه (no), نیست (is not), نمی (doesn't), نـ prefix

I can use نفی.

Questions: آیا (yes/no particle), کجا/کی/چه/چرا/چطور question words

I can use سؤال.

Direct object marker را (râ): marks specific/definite direct objects

I can use را (rā).

Word order: SOV, verb at end, flexible for emphasis

I can use ترتیب جمله.

Numbers 1-100 in Persian (۱-۱۰۰), ordinals, Persian numerals

I can use اعداد ۱-۱۰۰.

Time expressions: ساعت (hour/clock), روز (day), هفته (week), ماه (month)

I can use زمان و ساعت.

Prepositions: در (in), از (from), به (to), با (with), بدون (without), روی (on)

I can use حروف اضافه.

Adjectives: placement after noun via ezafe, comparatives with -تر

I can use صفت.

Plurals: -ها (general), -ان (people/living), Arabic broken plurals

I can use جمع.

Taarof: Persian politeness culture, formal expressions, compliments

I can use تعارف.