Past tense with être: je suis allé(e), verbs of movement
Can use passé composé with être for movement/change verbs and agree the participle
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Je suis allé au marché. (homme)
I went to the market. (male speaker)
Elle est arrivée à l'heure et ils sont partis en retard.
She arrived on time and they left late.
Nous sommes nés en France.
We were born in France.
Зверніть увагу на виділені частини. Що у них спільного?
A small group of verbs builds the passé composé with être instead of avoir: Je suis allé à Lyon - I went to Lyon. Word for word that is "I am gone to Lyon", an order older English had too ("he is come"). Most of these verbs describe a movement from one place to another or a change of state.
English-speaking classrooms remember them with the name DR & MRS VANDERTRAMP, one letter per verb, in this order:
| Verb | Participle | Verb | Participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| Devenir - to become | devenu | Revenir - to come back | revenu |
| Monter - to go up | monté | Rester - to stay | resté |
| Sortir - to go out | sorti | Venir - to come | venu |
| Aller - to go | allé | Naître - to be born | né |
| Descendre - to go down | descendu | Entrer - to enter | entré |
| Rentrer - to go home | rentré | Tomber - to fall | tombé |
| Retourner - to return | retourné | Arriver - to arrive | arrivé |
| Mourir - to die | mort | Partir - to leave | parti |
Verbs built on them follow suit: remonter and redescendre also take être, and so does passer in the sense of passing by or through: Je suis passé chez toi. So does every reflexive verb, which has its own topic.
With être, the participle agrees with the subject like an adjective: add -e for a feminine subject, -s for a plural one.
Most of these endings are silent (allé and allée sound the same), so the mistake shows mainly in writing. With vous said to one person, agree with that person: Madame, vous êtes arrivée ?
English speakers default to avoir: *J'ai allé, *Il a arrivé. If the verb is on the list, the helper is être.
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Вправи для практикиJe suis allé au marché. (homme)
I went to the market. (male speaker)
Aller використовує être. Чоловічий суб'єкт: allé.
Elle est arrivée à l'heure et ils sont partis en retard.
She arrived on time and they left late.
Дієприкметник узгоджується: +e жіночий, +s множина, +es жін. множина.
Nous sommes nés en France.
We were born in France.
Naître використовує être. Nés = чоловіча множина.
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