Osobní zájmena ve všech základních pádech
Dokáže používat osobní zájmena v nominativu, dativu a akuzativu
Podívejte se na tyto příklady. Dokážete rozpoznat gramatický vzorec?
Es esmu no Latvijas.
Jsem z Lotyšska.
Viņš zvana man.
Volá mi.
Mēs viņus redzam.
Vidíme je.
Zaměřte se na zvýrazněné části. Co mají společného?
Latvian personal pronouns change for case, as English "I / me" and "he / him" do, but with more forms. These are the ones you need at A1:
| Nominative (subject) | Genitive | Dative (to ...) | Accusative (object) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| I | es | manis | man | mani |
| you (one friend) | tu | tevis | tev | tevi |
| he | viņš | viņa | viņam | viņu |
| she | viņa | viņas | viņai | viņu |
| we | mēs | mūsu | mums | mūs |
| you (plural / polite) | jūs | jūsu | jums | jūs |
| they (men, mixed) | viņi | viņu | viņiem | viņus |
| they (women) | viņas | viņu | viņām | viņas |
Tu is for friends, family, children and people your age in relaxed settings. Jūs is plural "you" and also the polite form for one person, like French vous; in letters and emails it is written Jūs with a capital. Use it with strangers, shop staff and anyone older until they suggest tu.
There is no "it": things are viņš or viņa by grammatical gender. "They" also has a gender: viņi for men or mixed groups, viņas only for women or feminine nouns.
Subject pronouns are often dropped when the verb ending shows the person, especially in the first and second person: Esmu no Kanādas - I'm from Canada. English speakers keep every pronoun, which is correct, just a little heavy.
Použijte tuto gramatiku ve cvičeních kurzu A1
Procvičovací cvičeníEs esmu no Latvijas.
Jsem z Lotyšska.
Es = já (nominativ). Latvijas = genitiv od Latvija.
Viņš zvana man.
Volá mi.
Man = dativ od es. Zvanīt vyžaduje dativ.
Mēs viņus redzam.
Vidíme je.
Viņus = akuzativ od viņi (je, muž. rod). Mēs = my.
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Použijte tuto gramatiku ve cvičeních kurzu A1