Which case a verb demands is a fact about that verb, not about meaning - and the places where Belarusian and Russian disagree are exactly where a fluent-sounding speaker goes wrong.
I can use the right case with common verbs and I know the short list where Belarusian and Russian disagree.
Schau dir diese Beispiele an. Kannst du das grammatische Muster erkennen?
Дзякую вам за дапамогу.
Thank you for your help.
Не смейся з яго, ён стараўся.
Do not laugh at him, he tried.
Ён хварэе на грып ужо тыдзень.
He has had flu for a week.
Яна цікавіцца беларускай гісторыяй.
She is interested in Belarusian history.
Achte auf die hervorgehobenen Teile. Was haben sie gemeinsam?
You cannot work out which case a verb takes from what it means. It has to be learned with the verb, the way gender is learned with a noun.
| Case | Verbs |
|---|---|
| Accusative | чытаць, бачыць, любіць, купляць, рабіць |
| Genitive | баяцца, чакаць (something uncertain), жадаць, дасягнуць |
| Dative | дапамагаць, дзякаваць, вучыцца, верыць, шкодзіць |
| Instrumental | кіраваць, займацца, цікавіцца, ганарыцца, карыстацца |
These are worth learning as a short list, because a speaker who has stopped thinking about grammar will get them wrong by reflex:
| Belarusian | Case | Note |
|---|---|---|
| дзякаваць каму | dative | дзякую вам |
| дараваць каму | dative | даруй мне |
| смяяцца з каго | з + genitive | не над, but з |
| жартаваць з каго | з + genitive | same pattern |
| хварэць на што | на + accusative | хварэе на грып |
| ажаніцца з кім | з + instrumental | - |
| падобны да каго | да + genitive | падобны да бацькі |
Смяяцца з and хварэць на are the two that catch people most often.
After a negated verb the object may move from the accusative into the genitive, and the genitive makes the negation more sweeping:
At A1 the accusative was correct and remains so; the genitive is the extra option this level adds.
Verbs of giving and telling take the thing in the accusative and the person in the dative: Я даў сястры кнігу, Ён сказаў мне праўду.
Wende diese Grammatik in den Übungen des Kurses B1 an
ÜbungsaufgabenTypical errors: assuming the case follows from the meaning, and carrying a familiar government pattern across from another language.
Using the accusative with дзякаваць
It takes the dative: дзякую вам, дзякую сябру.
Using над with смяяцца
It takes з with the genitive: смяяцца з яго.
Using the instrumental with хварэць
It takes на with the accusative: хварэць на грып.
Using на with падобны
It takes да with the genitive: падобны да бацькі.
Дзякую вам за дапамогу.
Thank you for your help.
<em>Дзякаваць</em> takes the dative - the person is <em>вам</em>, not <em>вас</em>.
Не смейся з яго, ён стараўся.
Do not laugh at him, he tried.
<em>Смяяцца</em> takes <em>з</em> with the genitive, not <em>над</em>.
Ён хварэе на грып ужо тыдзень.
He has had flu for a week.
<em>Хварэць</em> takes <em>на</em> with the accusative.
Яна цікавіцца беларускай гісторыяй.
She is interested in Belarusian history.
<em>Цікавіцца</em> takes the instrumental, and the adjective goes with it.
Сын вельмі падобны да бацькі.
The son looks very like his father.
<em>Падобны</em> takes <em>да</em> with the genitive, where Russian uses <em>на</em>.
Im Kurs üben
Wende diese Grammatik in den Übungen des Kurses B1 an