숫자A1

Native koreanische Zahlen

Native koreanische Zahlen und ihre verkürzten Formen vor Zählwörtern

Lernziel

Ich kann mit nativen koreanischen Zahlen zählen und ihre verkürzten Formen vor Zählwörtern verwenden

Prüfungskompetenzen:듣기읽기

Schau dir diese Beispiele an. Kannst du das grammatische Muster erkennen?

사과 세 개 주세요.

Drei Äpfel, bitte.

저는 스무 살이에요.

Ich bin 20 Jahre alt.

지금 한 시 삼십 분이에요.

Es ist jetzt 1:30 Uhr.

열두 명이 왔어요.

Zwölf Leute sind gekommen.

Achte auf die hervorgehobenen Teile. Was haben sie gemeinsam?

고유어 숫자 (Native Korean Numbers)

Korean has two number systems. 고유어 숫자 (native Korean numbers) are used for counting objects, hours, and age.

NumberFull formBefore counter
1하나한
2둘두
3셋세
4넷네
5다섯다섯
6여섯여섯
7일곱일곱
8여덟여덟
9아홉아홉
10열열
20스물스무
30서른서른
40마흔마흔
50쉰쉰

Key rule: 하나, 둘, 셋, 넷, 스물 become 한, 두, 세, 네, 스무 when placed directly before a counter (분류사). Numbers above 5 keep the same form.

Compound numbers: 열하나 (11), 열둘 (12), 스물하나 (21), 서른셋 (33).

Usage: hours (세 시 = 3 o'clock), age (스무 살 = 20 years old), counting with classifiers.

Learners forget the shortened forms (한/두/세/네/스무) before counters. Also confusing native Korean with Sino-Korean numbers in wrong contexts. EN speakers: Only one number system in English, so learners struggle to remember which system to use when. Forget the modified forms before counters. DE speakers: Similar to English — one number system. May also apply German number reversal habit (einundzwanzig) which doesn't apply in Korean (스물하나 = twenty-one, same order as English). RU speakers: Russian has only one system, so dual-system concept is new. However, modified forms before counters parallel Russian's collective numerals (двое, трое). CS speakers: Czech has one number system with complex declension. May overanalyze Korean number forms by analogy to Czech case endings.

Häufige Fehlermuster

Used Sino-Korean numbers where native Korean was required

Native Korean for hours, age, counting with classifiers; Sino-Korean for dates, money, minutes, phone numbers

Used full form instead of shortened form before counter

하나→한, 둘→두, 셋→세, 넷→네, 스물→스무 before counters

사과 세 개 주세요.

Drei Äpfel, bitte.

셋 wird vor dem Zählwort 개 zu 세. Muster: native koreanische Zahl + Zählwort.

저는 스무 살이에요.

Ich bin 20 Jahre alt.

스물 wird vor 살 (Alterszählwort) zu 스무. Das Alter verwendet immer native koreanische Zahlen.

지금 한 시 삼십 분이에요.

Es ist jetzt 1:30 Uhr.

Stunden verwenden native koreanische Zahlen (한 시 = 1 Uhr), Minuten Sino-koreanische (삼십 분 = 30 Minuten).

열두 명이 왔어요.

Zwölf Leute sind gekommen.

열둘 = 12 (열 + 둘). Vor dem Zählwort 명 wird 둘 zu 두 → 열두 명.

Im Kurs üben

Wende diese Grammatik in den Übungen des Kurses A1 an

A1 Kurs
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