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CourseGrammarWords
  1. Home
  2. ›Grammar
  3. ›A1
  4. ›Portuguese Alphabet & Pronunciation
FonéticaA1

Portuguese Alphabet & Pronunciation

Portuguese alphabet, nasal vowels, ç, lh, nh, and pronunciation rules

Learning Goal

Can recognize Portuguese special sounds (nasal vowels, ç, lh, nh) and distinguish rr from r

Exam Skills:VISC-A1

Look at these examples. Can you spot the grammar pattern?

Amanhã é um bom dia.

Tomorrow is a good day.

O carro é caro.

The car is expensive.

Eu trabalho com chá e açúcar.

I work with tea and sugar.

Pay attention to the highlighted parts. What do they have in common?

O alfabeto português tem 26 letras (desde 2009 com k, w, y). Sons especiais incluem vogais nasais (ã, õ), a cedilha (ç) e os dígrafos lh, nh, ch.

Letra/DígrafoSomIPAExemplo
à ãa nasal[ɐ̃]maçã (apple)
Õ õo nasal[õ]limões (lemons)
Ç çs (antes de a, o, u)[s]açúcar (sugar)
LH lhlh (como 'lli' italiano)[ʎ]trabalho (work)
NH nhnh (como 'ñ' espanhol)[ɲ]amanhã (tomorrow)
CH chch (como 'sh' inglês)[ʃ]chá (tea)
RR rrr forte[ʁ] ou [h]carro (car)
SS sss (entre vogais)[s]pássaro (bird)

Vogais nasais ocorrem antes de m/n na mesma sílaba ou com til (~): sim [sĩ], bom [bõ], um [ũ].

BP vs EP: No Brasil, ti/di antes de vogal soam [tʃi/dʒi]: dia → [ˈdʒiɐ]. Em Portugal, o e átono quase desaparece: telefone → [tɫˈfɔn].

Apply this grammar in A1 course exercises

Practice Exercises
Learners forget nasal vowels — 'irmã' without nasalization sounds like 'irma'. The rr/r distinction is crucial: 'caro' (expensive) vs 'carro' (car). 🇬🇧 English speakers: No nasal vowels in English — practice ã/õ with mouth partially closed. CH=[ʃ] is like 'sh'. LH/NH don't exist in English.

Amanhã é um bom dia.

Tomorrow is a good day.

Amanhã has the nasal nh [ɲ] and nasal ã. Bom [bõ] has a nasal o. Dia [ˈdʒiɐ] in BP.

O carro é caro.

The car is expensive.

Carro [ˈkaʁu] with rr (strong r) vs caro [ˈkaɾu] with single r (flap). Minimal pair!

Eu trabalho com chá e açúcar.

I work with tea and sugar.

Trabalho has lh [ʎ]. Chá has ch [ʃ]. Açúcar has ç [s] before u. Three key Portuguese sounds!

Practice in course

Apply this grammar in A1 course exercises

A1 Course
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Put it into practice

Try a free exercise from the course