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CourseGrammarDictionaryVocabulary
  1. Home
  2. ›Grammar
  3. ›C2
  4. ›Headlinese: the grammar of headlines
PragmaticsC2

Headlinese: the grammar of headlines

Block language decoded: zero articles/be (MAYOR QUITS), present = past, to-infinitive = future, noun pile-ups, comma = and

Learning Goal

I can decode headline grammar including noun pile-ups and the to-future.

Exam Skills:C2 Proficiency Use of English

Look at these examples. Can you spot the grammar pattern?

STATION CAFE OWNER PIE PRICE PROTEST GROWS - decode: the protest over pie prices is growing.

STATION CAFE OWNER PIE PRICE PROTEST GROWS - decode: the protest over pie prices is growing.

PM TO FACE QUESTIONS, MINISTERS AXED - the to-future and a passive in eight syllables.

PM TO FACE QUESTIONS, MINISTERS AXED - the to-future and a passive in eight syllables.

Pay attention to the highlighted parts. What do they have in common?

Headline compression rules:

RuleHeadlineMeans
present = pastMAYOR QUITSthe mayor has quit
to-inf = futureQUEEN TO VISIT CANADAwill visit
-ed = passiveTALKS SUSPENDEDhave been suspended
no articles/beDOG FINDS OWNER GUILTY-LOOKINGa dog... its owner
comma = andRAIN, WINDS BATTER COASTrain and winds

Noun pile-ups read right-to-left: SCHOOL BUS DRIVER PAY ROW = a dispute over the pay of drivers of school buses. Short synonyms rule: probe, bid, axe, vow, oust.

Apply this grammar in C2 course exercises

Practice Exercises
  • Headline present read as habitual: MAYOR QUITS = has quit
  • Noun piles parsed left-to-right: read from the last noun back

Common Error Patterns

Headline present misread

Present = completed news event

Left-to-right noun pile parsing

Read from the head noun backwards

STATION CAFE OWNER PIE PRICE PROTEST GROWS - decode: the protest over pie prices is growing.

STATION CAFE OWNER PIE PRICE PROTEST GROWS - decode: the protest over pie prices is growing.

A five-noun pile, read backwards from protest.

PM TO FACE QUESTIONS, MINISTERS AXED - the to-future and a passive in eight syllables.

PM TO FACE QUESTIONS, MINISTERS AXED - the to-future and a passive in eight syllables.

to face = will face; axed = have been dismissed.

Practice in course

Apply this grammar in C2 course exercises

C2 Course
← Back to topics

Related grammar topics

  • US/GB grammar divergences in depth
  • Articles: the advanced layer
  • Archaic and literary forms: whom, whence, were he to
  • Prescriptive disputes: split infinitives, singular they, who/whom
  • Register mastery across Englishes
  • Native-speaker errors: your/you're, should of, less/fewer
  • Spoken grammar: heads, tails and response tokens
  • Dates, ordinals and telling the time