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CourseGrammarWords
  1. Home
  2. ›Grammar
  3. ›A1
  4. ›Postpositions: में & पर
परसर्गA1

Postpositions: में & पर

Locative postpositions and oblique case introduction

Learning Goal

I can use में/पर for location and apply oblique case

Exam Skills:बोलनालिखना

Look at these examples. Can you spot the grammar pattern?

किताब मेज़ पर है।

The book is on the table.

बच्चे कमरे में हैं।

The children are in the room.

वह दिल्ली में रहता है।

He lives in Delhi.

छत पर बिल्ली है।

There is a cat on the roof.

Pay attention to the highlighted parts. What do they have in common?

में (in) और पर (on)

These are the two most common locative postpositions:

PostpositionMeaningExample
मेंin, insideघर में (in the house)
परon, atमेज़ पर (on the table)

Oblique case preview: Before any postposition, nouns change to oblique form:

  • M -ा nouns: -ा → -े: लड़का → लड़के में (not लड़का में)
  • F nouns: no change: लड़की → लड़की में
  • Consonant-ending nouns: no change: घर → घर में

में vs पर: में = enclosed space (कमरे में, शहर में). पर = surface or point (मेज़ पर, स्टेशन पर).

Apply this grammar in A1 course exercises

Practice Exercises
Forgetting to change masculine -ा nouns to oblique -े before postpositions. 🇬🇧 English: English prepositions ('in', 'on') come before the noun — Hindi postpositions come after: 'house in' not 'in house'.

Common Error Patterns

Not changing M -ा noun to oblique before postposition

Before any postposition: कमरा → कमरे, लड़का → लड़के

Confusing में (in) and पर (on)

में = inside/enclosed (कमरे में), पर = surface/point (मेज़ पर)

किताब मेज़ पर है।

The book is on the table.

पर = on. मेज़ ends in consonant — no oblique change.

बच्चे कमरे में हैं।

The children are in the room.

कमरा (M, -ा) → कमरे (oblique) before में.

वह दिल्ली में रहता है।

He lives in Delhi.

में = in. दिल्ली (F) — no oblique change for feminine nouns.

छत पर बिल्ली है।

There is a cat on the roof.

छत (F, consonant-ending) — no oblique change. पर = on.

Practice in course

Apply this grammar in A1 course exercises

A1 Course
← Back to topics

Put it into practice

Try a free exercise from the course

3. Family and daily life

Frequently asked questions

When is परसर्ग: में और पर used?
Oblique case preview: Before any postposition, nouns change to oblique form :
How is परसर्ग: में और पर formed?
में vs पर: में = enclosed space (कमरे में, शहर में). पर = surface or point (मेज़ पर, स्टेशन पर).
What are common mistakes with परसर्ग: में और पर?
Forgetting to change masculine -ा nouns to oblique -े before postpositions. 🇬🇧 English: English prepositions ('in', 'on') come before the noun — Hindi postpositions come after: 'house in' not 'in house'. 🇩🇪 German: German prepositions trigger case changes (in dem → im) — Hindi similarly changes nouns before postpositions. 🇷🇺 Russian: Russian's prepositional case (в доме, на столе) is analogous — both change noun form for location.

Related grammar topics

  • परसर्ग: का/की/के
  • परसर्ग: को
  • परसर्ग: से
  • संयुक्त परसर्ग