What are common mistakes with औपचारिक परसर्ग?

Writing the pronoun and ke as two words, and using the Sanskritic set in conversation. 🇷🇺 Russian speakers: the bookish register of soglasno and nesmotrya na transfers, which helps; what does not transfer is knowing which Hindi member of a pair is the spoken one.

औपचारिक परसर्ग: rules, examples & exercises | Hindi Grammar B1

औपचारिक परसर्ग

B1 — कारक

के द्वारा, के अनुसार, के बावजूद, के बारे में

I can read a notice or an article and follow its postpositions

के द्वारा, के अनुसार, के बावजूद, के बारे में

Examples

— They came in spite of the rain.
— According to the rules this is forbidden.
— I know nothing about this.

कारकB1

Formal Compound Postpositions

The compound postpositions of written and formal Hindi

Learning Goal

I can read a notice or an article and follow its postpositions

Exam Skills:बोलनालिखना

Look at these examples. Can you spot the grammar pattern?

They came in spite of the rain.

According to the rules this is forbidden.

I know nothing about this.

Pay attention to the highlighted parts. What do they have in common?

The set

के द्वारा	by, by means of	सरकार के द्वारा
के अनुसार	according to	नियम के अनुसार
के बावजूद	in spite of	बारिश के बावजूद
के बारे में	about, concerning	इसके बारे में
के कारण	because of	देरी के कारण
के ज़रिए	through, via	दोस्त के ज़रिए

Register splits them

के द्वारा, के अनुसार and के कारण are Sanskritic and belong to writing; के ज़रिए and के बावजूद are Perso-Arabic and are heard in speech as well. के बारे में is neutral and universal.

Pronouns absorb the के

इसके बारे में, उनके अनुसार, मेरे बावजूद - never इस के बारे में as two words.

Apply this grammar in B1 course exercises

Practice Exercises

Writing the pronoun and ke as two words, and using the Sanskritic set in conversation.

Common Error Patterns

Pronoun and ke written separately

isake bare mein, one word.

Sanskritic postposition used in casual speech

ke zariye and ke bavjud are the spoken members.

They came in spite of the rain.

ke bavjud, the Perso-Arabic member, is heard in speech too.

According to the rules this is forbidden.

Sanskritic and firmly written-register.

I know nothing about this.

The pronoun absorbs ke: isake, written as one word.

Practice in course

Apply this grammar in B1 course exercises

B1 Course

← Back to topics

Frequently asked questions

When is औपचारिक परसर्ग used?: के द्वारा, के अनुसार and के कारण are Sanskritic and belong to writing; के ज़रिए and के बावजूद are Perso-Arabic and are heard in speech as well. के बारे में is neutral and universal.
How is औपचारिक परसर्ग formed?: इसके बारे में, उनके अनुसार, मेरे बावजूद - never इस के बारे में as two words.
What are common mistakes with औपचारिक परसर्ग?: Writing the pronoun and ke as two words, and using the Sanskritic set in conversation. 🇷🇺 Russian speakers: the bookish register of soglasno and nesmotrya na transfers, which helps; what does not transfer is knowing which Hindi member of a pair is the spoken one.

Sources

हिन्दी व्याकरण — काशी नागरी प्रचारिणी सभा, 1920
Kamta Prasad Guru's grammar, the standard prescriptive reference for Hindi morphology and syntax.
Outline of Hindi Grammar — Oxford University Press, 1995
R. S. McGregor's outline, the standard concise academic description of Hindi morphology.