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CourseGrammarWords
  1. Home
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PrepositionsA1

Prepositions of place

Prepositions of place: en, sobre, debajo de, delante de, detrás de

Learning Goal

Can describe where things are using prepositions of place

Exam Skills:ReadingSpeaking

Look at these examples. Can you spot the grammar pattern?

El gato está debajo de la mesa.

The cat is under the table.

La farmacia está al lado del banco.

The pharmacy is next to the bank.

El parque está entre la iglesia y el museo.

The park is between the church and the museum.

Pay attention to the highlighted parts. What do they have in common?

Where is it? Spanish answers with estar and a preposition: El libro está en la mesa. The single most common preposition, en, does the work of English "in", "on" and "at" all at once. The others are mostly short phrases ending in de.

PrepositionMeaningExample
enin, on, atEl libro está en la mesa. Estoy en casa. Trabajo en un hotel.
sobreon (top of)El gato está sobre la cama.
encima deon top of, aboveLa lámpara está encima de la mesa.
debajo deunderEl perro está debajo de la mesa.
delante dein front ofEl coche está delante de la casa.
detrás debehindEl jardín está detrás de la casa.
enfrente deopposite, facingEl bar está enfrente de la estación.
al lado denext toLa farmacia está al lado del banco.
entrebetweenEl parque está entre la iglesia y el cine.
cerca denearVivo cerca del centro.
lejos defar fromEl aeropuerto está lejos del centro.
dentro de / fuera deinside / outsideLas llaves están dentro del bolso.

En: one word for in, on and at

Going from English to Spanish this is easy: "in the kitchen", "on the table", "at the airport" are all en: en la cocina, en la mesa, en el aeropuerto. Going the other way, the context tells you which English word fits. When you need to say precisely "on top of" rather than "in", switch to sobre or encima de: Las tazas están en el armario (in the cupboard), Las tazas están encima del armario (on top of it).

Don't drop the de

Most of these prepositions are two- or three-word phrases ending in de, and the de is not optional: delante de la casa, not *delante la casa. When de meets el, the two fuse into del: al lado del banco, cerca del mar, detrás del Ayuntamiento. With la there is no fusion: cerca de la playa.

When the place is clear and you leave the noun out, the de goes too: ¿El metro? Está muy cerca. Espera fuera.

"In front of" or "opposite"?

Delante de means directly in front, with nothing between: a car parked in front of the house. Enfrente de means on the other side, facing: the café across the street. English speakers tend to use enfrente for both. A Madrid example: El Museo del Prado está enfrente del Hotel Ritz, on the other side of the street from it.

Giving directions in a real city

La Puerta del Sol está cerca de la Plaza Mayor. El Jardín Botánico está al lado del Museo del Prado. Toledo está entre Madrid y Ciudad Real, no muy lejos de la capital.

Apply this grammar in A1 course exercises

Practice Exercises
Forgetting 'de' in compound prepositions (*delante la casa → delante de la casa). Also confusing en (general) with sobre (specifically on top). 🇬🇧 English speakers: 'En' covers in/on/at — deciding which to use in reverse translation is tricky. The 'de' in compound prepositions is often forgotten.

El gato está debajo de la mesa.

The cat is under the table.

debajo de = under. Don't forget 'de': *debajo la mesa is wrong.

La farmacia está al lado del banco.

The pharmacy is next to the bank.

al lado de = next to. 'del banco' = de + el banco (mandatory contraction).

El parque está entre la iglesia y el museo.

The park is between the church and the museum.

entre = between. Unlike other prepositions, 'entre' does NOT use 'de'.

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Module 8: Home and rooms

Frequently asked questions

When do you use Prepositions of place?
Where is it? Spanish answers with estar and a preposition: El libro está en la mesa. The single most common preposition, en , does the work of English "in", "on" and "at" all at once. The others are mostly short phrases ending in de .
How do you form Prepositions of place?
Going from English to Spanish this is easy: "in the kitchen", "on the table", "at the airport" are all en : en la cocina, en la mesa, en el aeropuerto . Going the other way, the context tells you which English word fits. When you need to say precisely "on top of" rather than "in", switch to sobre or encima de : Las tazas están en el armario (in the cupboard), Las tazas están encima del armario (on top of it). Most of these prepositions are two- or three-word phrases ending in de , and the de is not optional: delante de la casa , not *delante la casa . When de meets el , the two fuse into del : al lado del banco, cerca del mar, detrás del Ayuntamiento .
What are common mistakes with Prepositions of place?
Forgetting 'de' in compound prepositions (*delante la casa → delante de la casa). Also confusing en (general) with sobre (specifically on top). 🇬🇧 English speakers: 'En' covers in/on/at — deciding which to use in reverse translation is tricky. The 'de' in compound prepositions is often forgotten.

Related grammar topics

Previous topic: The near future: ir a + infinitiveNext topic: Basic prepositions: a, de, en, con, para, por

Also in Prepositions

  • Basic prepositions: a, de, en, con, para, por
  • Adverbs of frequency
  • Adverbs of place: aquí, ahí, allí
  • Too and neither: también and tampoco
  • Por and paraA2
  • The personal a: veo a MartaA2
  • Verbs with a fixed preposition: pensar en, soñar conA2
  • Adverbs in -menteA2
  • Muy, mucho and other quantifiersA2

Prerequisites

  • Contractions al and del
  • The verb estar (to be)

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