Особові займенники в називному відмінку
Може використовувати особові займенники для позначення осіб
Подивіться на ці приклади. Чи можете ви помітити граматичну закономірність?
Unë jam nga Shqipëria.
Я з Албанії.
Ti flet anglisht?
Ти розмовляєш англійською?
Ata janë studentë.
Вони (ч.) — студенти.
Зверніть увагу на виділені частини. Що у них спільного?
Albanian subject pronouns line up neatly with English ones, with two differences: "you" splits into a familiar and a polite or plural form, and "they" shows gender.
| Person | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| 1st | unë (I) | ne (we) |
| 2nd | ti (you, one friend) | ju (you, several people; or one person politely) |
| 3rd masculine | ai (he) | ata (they, men or a mixed group) |
| 3rd feminine | ajo (she) | ato (they, all-female group) |
Use ti with friends, family, children and people your age in relaxed settings. Use ju with strangers, older people, officials and in shops: Si jeni? (How are you?) to your landlady in Durrës, Si je? to your cousin. Polite ju takes a plural verb even for one person, the way French vous does.
English "they" ignores gender; Albanian does not. Ato is for a group of women, or of feminine nouns, with no man or masculine noun among them. As soon as one man is in the group, it becomes ata: Ana dhe Besa janë studente; ato studiojnë në Tiranë, but Ana dhe Arbeni... ata.
The verb ending already tells you who is acting, so Albanian, like Italian or Spanish, often drops the pronoun: Flas shqip means "I speak Albanian" on its own. Saying Unë flas shqip is correct too; the pronoun adds emphasis ("I speak Albanian, he doesn't"). English speakers tend to put a pronoun in every sentence, which sounds slightly insistent.
Note that ai and ajo also mean "that" (see the demonstratives topic): ai djalë is "that boy".
Застосуйте цю граматику у вправах курсу A1
Вправи для практикиUnë jam nga Shqipëria.
Я з Албанії.
Unë (я) + jam (є). Shqipëria = Албанія з означеним суфіксом -a.
Ti flet anglisht?
Ти розмовляєш англійською?
Ti (ти) + flet (говориш, 2-га особа однини).
Ata janë studentë.
Вони (ч.) — студенти.
Ata = вони (чоловічий рід). Для групи жінок використовуйте ato.
Перевірка для цієї теми готується
Готові підказки безкоштовні
Практикувати в курсі
Застосуйте цю граматику у вправах курсу A1
A1 Modul 1: Albanian greetings, pronunciation, and first sentences