Předložky směru
Directional prepositions: do+Gen, z/ze+Gen, k/ke+Dat, od+Gen for movement
Can express movement to and from places using directional prepositions with correct cases
Hãy xem các ví dụ sau. Bạn có nhận ra quy tắc ngữ pháp không?
Ráno jdu do školy a odpoledne ze školy.
In the morning I go to school and in the afternoon from school.
Pojedu k babičce a pak od babičky domů.
I'll go to grandma's and then from grandma's home.
Jdeme na koncert.
We're going to a concert.
Chú ý các phần được đánh dấu. Chúng có điểm gì chung?
Předložky směru vyjadřují pohyb odkud a kam. Každá vyžaduje určitý pád.
| Předložka | Pád | Význam | Příklad |
|---|---|---|---|
| do | 2. pád (Gen) | into, to | Jdu do školy. |
| z / ze | 2. pád (Gen) | from, out of | Jdu ze školy. |
| k / ke | 3. pád (Dat) | toward | Jdu k lékaři. |
| od | 2. pád (Gen) | away from | Jdu od lékaře. |
| na | 4. pád (Akuz) | onto, to (surface/events) | Jdu na poštu. |
| z | 2. pád (Gen) | from (surface/events) | Jdu z pošty. |
Protikladné páry: do ↔ z/ze (into ↔ out of): do školy ↔ ze školy. k ↔ od (toward ↔ from): k lékaři ↔ od lékaře. na ↔ z (onto ↔ from surface): na poštu ↔ z pošty.
Do vs na: Do = budovy, města, země (do obchodu, do Prahy, do Česka). Na = události, povrchy, některá místa (na koncert, na nádraží, na Slovensko).
Các lỗi thường gặp
Used wrong directional preposition (e.g., do instead of na, or k instead of do)
Do = into buildings/cities/countries. Na = to events/surfaces/some places. K = toward a person. Review the do/na distinction list.
Used wrong case after a directional preposition
Do/z/od → genitive. K/ke → dative. Na (direction) → accusative. Match the preposition to its required case.
Ráno jdu do školy a odpoledne ze školy.
In the morning I go to school and in the afternoon from school.
Do + Gen (direction into): škola → školy. Ze + Gen (direction out): škola → školy. Opposite pair.
Pojedu k babičce a pak od babičky domů.
I'll go to grandma's and then from grandma's home.
K + Dat (toward person): babička → babičce. Od + Gen (from person): babička → babičky.
Jdeme na koncert.
We're going to a concert.
Na + Akk for events and some locations: koncert → koncert (Akk = Nom for inanimate M).
Luyện tập trong khóa học
Áp dụng ngữ pháp này vào các bài tập khóa học A1