Prepositions governing the accusative case: na, pro, přes, za + Acc
Can use common prepositions with the accusative case for direction, purpose, and exchange
Hãy xem các ví dụ sau. Bạn có nhận ra quy tắc ngữ pháp không?
Jdu na poštu.
I am going to the post office.
Koupila jsem to pro maminku.
I bought it for mom.
Zaplatil za to sto korun.
He paid a hundred crowns for it.
Chú ý các phần được đánh dấu. Chúng có điểm gì chung?
After certain prepositions the noun takes the accusative, the same form as a direct object. You will not see a change with neuter or inanimate masculine nouns, but you will with women, men and feminine things: pro babičku, na Petra, přes ulici.
| Preposition | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| na | to, onto (where to?) | Jdu na poštu. Jedeme na Šumavu. |
| pro | for (a person, a purpose); to fetch | Dárek pro babičku. Jdu pro rohlíky. |
| přes | across, over, through | Jdeme přes Karlův most. |
| za | in (time from now); for (in exchange) | Vrátím se za hodinu. Děkuju za pomoc. |
| o | for (asking) | Prosím o pomoc. |
| mimo | outside, except | Bydlíme mimo Prahu. |
Sooner or later you will see mimo on a ticket machine or a lift: Mimo provoz - "Out of order".
The most useful thing to learn here is that English "for" does not map onto one Czech word. The verb decides:
| English | Czech |
|---|---|
| a present for Grandma | dárek pro babičku |
| wait for the tram | čekat na tramvaj |
| thank for help, pay for lunch | děkovat za pomoc, platit za oběd |
| ask for help | prosit o pomoc |
| look for the station | hledat nádraží - no preposition |
Time works differently too. "In an hour" (from now) is za hodinu, not *v hodinu. And přes hodinu means "more than an hour", which is not what you want to tell someone waiting outside.
Na takes the accusative for a direction and the locative for a location, much as English distinguishes "onto" from "on": Jdu na poštu (where to?) but Jsem na poště (where?). Jedeme na Šumavu, and a week later Jsme na Šumavě. Ask kam? or kde? and the case follows. Not every "to" is na, though: most towns and buildings take do (do Brna, do školy), which belongs to another case.
Áp dụng ngữ pháp này vào các bài tập khóa học A1
Bài tập thực hànhJdu na poštu.
I am going to the post office.
Na + accusative indicates direction (kam? = where to?). Compare: Jsem na poště (na + locative = location).
Koupila jsem to pro maminku.
I bought it for mom.
Pro always takes accusative. Note: maminka → maminku (feminine accusative).
Zaplatil za to sto korun.
He paid a hundred crowns for it.
Za + accusative expresses price/exchange. Also used for time: za hodinu (in an hour).
Luyện tập trong khóa học
Áp dụng ngữ pháp này vào các bài tập khóa học A1