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Osobní zájmena

Personal pronouns in Czech: já, ty, on/ona/ono, my, vy, oni/ony/ona — singular and plural forms for all three genders

Mục tiêu học tập

Can use all Czech personal pronouns correctly and understand when to drop them in pro-drop contexts

Kỹ năng thi cử:ViếtNói

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Ona je z Prahy, on je z Brna.

She is from Prague, he is from Brno.

Mluvíme česky.

We speak Czech.

Oni jsou studenti, ony jsou studentky.

They (masc.) are students, they (fem.) are female students.

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Osobní zájmena v češtině rozlišují rod ve 3. osobě jednotného i množného čísla.

OsobaJednotné čísloMnožné číslo
1.my
2.tyvy
3. muž.ononi (muž. živ.)
3. žen.onaony (žen. / muž. neživ.)
3. stř.onoona (stř.)

Důležité: Čeština je pro-drop jazyk — podmět se často vynechává, protože je vyjádřen koncovkou slovesa: Mluvím česky (= Já mluvím česky).

Ono se používá pro neživotná podstatná jména středního rodu: To dítě? Ono spí. V běžné řeči se ono nahrazuje slovem to.

Learners overuse pronouns (Czech is pro-drop) and confuse the three 3rd-person plural forms (oni/ony/ona). 🇬🇧 English speakers: English requires explicit subjects ('I go', not just 'go'), so English speakers tend to overuse já/ty/on. The three plural forms (oni/ony/ona) have no English parallel.

Các lỗi thường gặp

Using an explicit pronoun where Czech pro-drop convention would omit it

Czech verb endings encode the subject. Use pronouns only for emphasis or contrast: Já mluvím česky (emphasis on I).

Using wrong form of 'they' (oni/ony/ona) for the noun's gender

Oni = masculine animate plural, ony = feminine or masculine inanimate, ona = neuter plural

Ona je z Prahy, on je z Brna.

She is from Prague, he is from Brno.

On (he) and ona (she) distinguish gender in 3rd person singular, like most European languages.

Mluvíme česky.

We speak Czech.

The pronoun my (we) is often dropped because the verb ending -íme already shows 1st person plural.

Oni jsou studenti, ony jsou studentky.

They (masc.) are students, they (fem.) are female students.

Czech distinguishes plural 'they': oni (masculine animate), ony (feminine/masc. inanimate). Russian/English use one form.

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