Osobní zájmena
Personal pronouns in Czech: já, ty, on/ona/ono, my, vy, oni/ony/ona — singular and plural forms for all three genders
Can use all Czech personal pronouns correctly and understand when to drop them in pro-drop contexts
Hãy xem các ví dụ sau. Bạn có nhận ra quy tắc ngữ pháp không?
Ona je z Prahy, on je z Brna.
She is from Prague, he is from Brno.
Mluvíme česky.
We speak Czech.
Oni jsou studenti, ony jsou studentky.
They (masc.) are students, they (fem.) are female students.
Chú ý các phần được đánh dấu. Chúng có điểm gì chung?
Osobní zájmena v češtině rozlišují rod ve 3. osobě jednotného i množného čísla.
| Osoba | Jednotné číslo | Množné číslo |
|---|---|---|
| 1. | já | my |
| 2. | ty | vy |
| 3. muž. | on | oni (muž. živ.) |
| 3. žen. | ona | ony (žen. / muž. neživ.) |
| 3. stř. | ono | ona (stř.) |
Důležité: Čeština je pro-drop jazyk — podmět se často vynechává, protože je vyjádřen koncovkou slovesa: Mluvím česky (= Já mluvím česky).
Ono se používá pro neživotná podstatná jména středního rodu: To dítě? Ono spí. V běžné řeči se ono nahrazuje slovem to.
Các lỗi thường gặp
Using an explicit pronoun where Czech pro-drop convention would omit it
Czech verb endings encode the subject. Use pronouns only for emphasis or contrast: Já mluvím česky (emphasis on I).
Using wrong form of 'they' (oni/ony/ona) for the noun's gender
Oni = masculine animate plural, ony = feminine or masculine inanimate, ona = neuter plural
Ona je z Prahy, on je z Brna.
She is from Prague, he is from Brno.
On (he) and ona (she) distinguish gender in 3rd person singular, like most European languages.
Mluvíme česky.
We speak Czech.
The pronoun my (we) is often dropped because the verb ending -íme already shows 1st person plural.
Oni jsou studenti, ony jsou studentky.
They (masc.) are students, they (fem.) are female students.
Czech distinguishes plural 'they': oni (masculine animate), ony (feminine/masc. inanimate). Russian/English use one form.
Luyện tập trong khóa học
Áp dụng ngữ pháp này vào các bài tập khóa học A1