The imperfect tense: forms, the three irregular verbs, and what it is actually for
Can describe past habits, routines and background circumstances using the imperfect
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De pequeño, mi abuelo me llevaba al mercado todos los sábados.
As a child, my grandfather used to take me to the market every Saturday.
Eran las tres, hacía un calor insoportable y el pueblo entero dormía la siesta.
It was three o'clock, unbearably hot, and the whole village was having its siesta.
Cuando vivíamos en Sevilla, íbamos a la Feria de Abril todos los años.
When we lived in Seville, we went to the April Fair every year.
Chú ý các phần được đánh dấu. Chúng có điểm gì chung?
El pretérito imperfecto es el tiempo de los recuerdos, las descripciones y las costumbres. No pregunta cuándo terminó algo, sino cómo era mientras duraba.
| Persona | -ar (hablar) | -er (comer) | -ir (vivir) |
|---|---|---|---|
| yo | hablaba | comía | vivía |
| tú | hablabas | comías | vivías |
| él/ella/usted | hablaba | comía | vivía |
| nosotros/as | hablábamos | comíamos | vivíamos |
| vosotros/as | hablabais | comíais | vivíais |
| ellos/ellas/ustedes | hablaban | comían | vivían |
Buenas noticias: solo hay tres verbos irregulares en todo el idioma.
| ser | ir | ver | |
|---|---|---|---|
| yo | era | iba | veía |
| tú | eras | ibas | veías |
| él/ella | era | iba | veía |
| nosotros/as | éramos | íbamos | veíamos |
| vosotros/as | erais | ibais | veíais |
| ellos/ellas | eran | iban | veían |
Para qué sirve:
Sus compañeros de viaje: antes, siempre, todos los días, normalmente, mientras, cuando era pequeño, cada verano.
Áp dụng ngữ pháp này vào các bài tập khóa học A2
Bài tập thực hànhDe pequeño, mi abuelo me llevaba al mercado todos los sábados.
As a child, my grandfather used to take me to the market every Saturday.
A repeated habit over an unspecified stretch of the past: llevaba, not llevó. 'Todos los sábados' is the giveaway.
Eran las tres, hacía un calor insoportable y el pueblo entero dormía la siesta.
It was three o'clock, unbearably hot, and the whole village was having its siesta.
Time, weather and background state — three classic imperfect uses stacked in one sentence. Nothing here 'happens'; it is the stage set.
Cuando vivíamos en Sevilla, íbamos a la Feria de Abril todos los años.
When we lived in Seville, we went to the April Fair every year.
Ir is one of the three irregulars: íbamos. Both verbs are imperfect because both describe an open, repeated period.
Luyện tập trong khóa học
Áp dụng ngữ pháp này vào các bài tập khóa học A2