нехта, штосьці, хтось, які-небудзь - three ways of being vague, and they are not interchangeable: the choice says how much the speaker knows.
I can choose between the three indefinite markers according to how much I know, and decline the pronoun inside.
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Нехта стукае ў дзверы.
Someone is knocking at the door.
Хтосьці тэлефанаваў, але не пакінуў імя.
Somebody rang but did not leave a name.
Спытай каго-небудзь на вуліцы.
Ask anyone in the street.
Я недзе бачыў гэтую кнігу.
I have seen that book somewhere.
Zaměřte se na zvýrazněné části. Co mají společného?
| Marker | Sense | Example |
|---|---|---|
| не- | someone exists, the speaker does not know who | нехта, нешта |
| -сьці / -сь | a definite one, the speaker has forgotten or will not say | хтосьці, штосьці, дзесьці |
| -небудзь | any at all, it does not matter which | хто-небудзь, што-небудзь |
The rule of thumb: -небудзь belongs in questions, requests and conditions, where no particular person or thing is meant. не- and -сьці belong in statements about something that did happen.
The pronoun inside declines and the marker rides along: нехта, кагосьці, камусьці, кімсьці. A prefix stays in front; a suffix stays behind:
дзесьці somewhere, кудысьці to somewhere, калісьці at some time or once upon a time, неяк somehow, чамусьці for some reason, некалькі several.
Калісьці is worth noting: it covers both "sometime" in the future and "once long ago", and the tense decides which.
Použijte tuto gramatiku ve cvičeních kurzu B1
Procvičovací cvičeníTypical errors: using -небудзь in a plain statement about something that happened, which makes it sound as if the speaker does not care what occurred.
Нехта стукае ў дзверы.
Someone is knocking at the door.
There is a person and the speaker does not know who.
Хтосьці тэлефанаваў, але не пакінуў імя.
Somebody rang but did not leave a name.
A specific person, simply unidentified - hence <em>-сьці</em>.
Спытай каго-небудзь на вуліцы.
Ask anyone in the street.
A request, and it does not matter who - <em>-небудзь</em>, in the accusative.
Я недзе бачыў гэтую кнігу.
I have seen that book somewhere.
A place that exists but the speaker cannot name.
Калісьці мы жылі ў Полацку.
We lived in Polatsk once.
<em>Калісьці</em> with a past tense means long ago; with a future it would mean sometime.
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Použijte tuto gramatiku ve cvičeních kurzu B1