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Běloruská abeceda: 32 písmen a výslovnost
Dobré téma na začátek
Umím pojmenovat všech 32 běloruských písmen, přečíst nahlas jakékoli běloruské slovo a rozlišit běloruskou výslovnost od ruské.
I can refer to myself and to other people, choose between ты and Вы, and use the case forms needed for having and being asked about.
I can say what belongs to whom, choosing the possessive by the gender and number of the thing owned, and I can tell свой from яго.
I can point things out, say which one I mean, and distinguish being here from coming here.
I can say who and what someone is, say what I have and do not have, and talk about where people were.
I can conjugate common Belarusian verbs in the present tense and say what I and other people are doing right now.
I can talk about what happened yesterday, making the verb agree with the gender and number of the subject.
I can say what I am going to do, and distinguish an action I will be doing from one I will get finished.
I can ask someone to do something, invite them to do it with me, and choose the right level of politeness.
I can name the six cases, say what each is for, and use the nominative, accusative and locative correctly in everyday sentences.
I can tell whether a Belarusian noun is masculine, feminine or neuter, and make the adjective and the past-tense verb agree with it.
I can form the plural of common Belarusian nouns, choosing between -ы and -і and applying the consonant and vowel changes that come with it.
I can deny a statement, say that something or somebody is not there, and use the negative pronouns with the compulsory particle не.
I can ask for information with the Belarusian question words and form a yes/no question with ці.
I can arrange a Belarusian sentence so that the emphasis falls where I want it, and leave out the subject pronoun when the verb already carries it.
I can count to a hundred in Belarusian, give prices and quantities, and put the noun in the right case after a number.
I can say what day and month it is, tell the time, and arrange to meet someone at a particular hour.
I can describe people, places and things with adjectives that agree in gender and number, and compare two things.
I can say where something is, where I am going and who I am going with, choosing the right preposition and case.
I can greet someone appropriately for the time of day, thank them, apologise, and choose between ты and Вы.
I can use the genitive for belonging, absence and quantity, and choose between -а and -у in the masculine.
I can use the dative for the recipient and handle the five constructions that put the person in it.
I can say by what means something is done, who I did it with, and what someone works as.
I can decline plural nouns through all six cases and choose the right accusative for people and for things.
I can use the locative after all five of its prepositions and apply the consonant changes it triggers.
I can use the accusative for objects, destinations and time, and apply the animacy rule.
I can choose between the two aspects when talking about the past and the future, and I know which one буду and a negative order require.
I can choose between the four verbs of motion by transport and by frequency, and use the prefixes that specify direction.
I can make a polite request, express a wish and build a two-clause hypothetical.
I can use reflexive verbs in all persons and tenses, and tell the verb ending from the pronoun сябе.
I can compare two things and name the best of several, using за or чым for "than".
I can decline an adjective and noun together through all six cases.
I can give a date, a year, a floor and a clock time, inflecting the ordinal correctly.
I can join clauses with the right conjunction, give a reason either way round, and use каб for purpose.
I can build relative clauses with які and report what someone said or asked.
I can recognise and build all four kinds of subjectless sentence, and I can see the impersonal constructions from earlier modules as one family.
I can form adverbs from adjectives, place them correctly and compare them.
I can decline personal, possessive, demonstrative and interrogative pronouns through all six cases.
I can use the past passive participle correctly and rewrite the present-tense ones as a relative clause.
I can use both gerunds accurately and check that they share a subject with the main verb.
I can use the right case with common verbs and I know the short list where Belarusian and Russian disagree.
I can recognise what a prefix adds to a familiar verb and spell the common prefixes correctly.
I can choose between the passive, the subjectless plural and the reflexive according to whether the focus is the activity, the process or the result.
I can build all eight kinds of subordinate clause and choose the right verb form after каб and калі б.
I can report statements, questions and requests, moving the pronouns and time words while leaving the tense alone.
I can compare two things four different ways and use the common fixed similes.
I can choose between the three indefinite markers according to how much I know, and decline the pronoun inside.
I can use the negative pronouns with the compulsory не, split them correctly around a preposition, and tell нічога from няма чаго.
I can predict how a word changes when its ending or stress moves, and work backwards from an unfamiliar form to its root.
I can decline cardinal and compound numerals and keep them apart from ordinals.
I can use collective numerals where they are required and avoid them where they are not.
I can express quantity and approximation, and make the verb agree correctly when a quantity is the subject.
I can work out what an unfamiliar derived word means from its suffix, and form nouns and adjectives from words I know.
I can choose a register appropriate to the situation and recognise a text written in the classical orthography.
I can recognise vocative forms in songs and speech and use them when addressing family, friends and a пан or спадар.
I can spell unstressed vowels correctly, counting syllables from the stress to decide between е and я.
I can write ў, дз, дж, doubled consonants and the apostrophe where the rules require them.
I can punctuate Belarusian prose, including dialogue, using the dash, guillemets and colon correctly.
I can express obligation, permission, ability and advice, choosing between the personal and impersonal patterns.
I can recognise and use common Belarusian idioms and proverbs, and I know not to translate one word for word.
I can spot Russian interference in my own Belarusian - false friends, wrong government and calqued phrases - and correct it.
I can place a Belarusian speaker roughly by region and tell a dialect feature from a Russian interference error.
I can recognise the main borrowing layers in Belarusian vocabulary and use naturalised borrowings with the right declension.
I can form and read diminutive and augmentative words and judge which register they belong to.
I can decline Belarusian names, patronymics, surnames and place names, and I know which surnames stay unchanged.
I can use indeclinable nouns and abbreviations with the right agreement, and I know which borrowings do decline.
I can mark how certain I am and connect my sentences using parenthetical words, punctuating them correctly.
I can punctuate participial phrases, gerund phrases and appositions correctly and use the commas to control meaning.
I can order a Belarusian sentence to put the new information last and use particles to emphasise a chosen word.
I can join clauses without a conjunction and choose the mark that states the relationship I mean.
I can identify a functional style from a paragraph and write in the one a situation calls for.
I can use inversion, ellipsis, parcelling and repetition deliberately, and judge when not to.
I can read and construct figurative language grounded in the imagery Belarusian writing actually uses.
I can read and write academic Belarusian, form terms correctly and hedge my claims appropriately.
I can read a Belarusian news or opinion piece critically and write in the register myself.
I can translate into Belarusian from the sense rather than the structure and check the places where transfer is silent.
I can write consistently in наркамаўка and read тарашкевіца without difficulty.
Nejlépe po: Pravopis souhlásek: ў, дз, дж, zdvojení a apostrof
I can place the stress correctly in common words and use the spelling to work out where it falls.
I can apply the alternations automatically and recognise the forms of one root however different they look.
I can choose between variant forms on stylistic and semantic grounds and stay consistent within a text.
I can write a paragraph whose sentences hold together by chaining, reference and connectors.
I can read older Belarusian texts with support and use archaisms deliberately rather than by accident.
I can use modern Belarusian vocabulary for technology and institutions and choose consistently between competing names.
I can greet, thank, request, apologise, congratulate and offer condolences with the right formula for the person and occasion.
I can tell a settled borrowing from a code-switch and from mixed speech, and I can catch and repair the places where my own Belarusian is still running on Russian grammar.
I can use and recognise the finer aspectual shades and control aspect across a whole narrative.
I can choose between synonyms on register, intensity and collocation rather than at random.
I can produce natural word pairings and notice when a collocation has been calqued.
I understand the sociolinguistic situation well enough to find input, read reactions correctly and set realistic expectations.
I know the main writers, what each does to the language, and in what order to read them.
I can convey attitude through interjections, particles, suffixes and word order, and judge how much is too much.
I can recognise irony and understatement in Belarusian and produce them with a single, well-placed signal.
I can state, support, concede, refute and conclude in written Belarusian argument.
I can hold a conversation with natural fillers, repairs and backchannels rather than in written sentences.
I can write a letter, a formal application, a CV and a review in the shape each genre expects.
I can scan Belarusian verse, name its metre and rhyme, and read the folk line on its own terms.
I can edit my own Belarusian systematically, using the right reference for each question.