і, а, але, бо, таму, каб, калі - the words that turn a list of short sentences into connected speech, and the two that Russian speakers reach for in the wrong order.
I can join clauses with the right conjunction, give a reason either way round, and use каб for purpose.
Podívejte se na tyto příklady. Dokážete rozpoznat gramatický vzorec?
Кватэра малая, але вельмі светлая.
The flat is small but very light.
Я чытаю, а ён піша.
I am reading and he is writing.
Сёння не іду на працу, бо хворы.
I am not going to work today because I am ill.
Я хворы, таму сёння не іду.
I am ill, so I am not going today.
Zaměřte se na zvýrazněné části. Co mají společného?
| Conjunction | Means | Example |
|---|---|---|
| і | and | хлеб і соль |
| а | and, but - mild contrast | Я чытаю, а ён піша |
| але | but - real contrast | Малая, але светлая |
| ці | or | чай ці кава |
| бо | because | Не іду, бо хворы |
| таму | so, therefore | Хворы, таму не іду |
| каб | in order to, so that | Прыйшоў, каб дапамагчы |
| калі | when, if | Калі будзе час, паедзем |
А sets two things side by side without conflict - it is closer to English "and" or "whereas". Але marks a real objection.
These give the same information in opposite order. Бо introduces the cause and comes second; таму introduces the result and comes second:
When the two halves have different subjects, каб is followed by a past-tense form, however the sentence is meant in time:
With one subject it takes the infinitive: Прыйшоў, каб дапамагчы.
Belarusian puts a comma before а, але, бо, таму, каб, калі - always. Before a single і joining two words there is none.
Použijte tuto gramatiku ve cvičeních kurzu A2
Procvičovací cvičeníTypical errors: using але where а belongs, which makes an ordinary contrast sound like an objection; and putting a present or future after каб when the subjects differ.
Using но, потому что, или instead of але, бо, ці
The Belarusian words are але, бо and ці.
Using але for a neutral pairing
А sets things side by side; але marks a real objection.
Using a present or future after каб with different subjects
Каб takes the past-tense form: каб ты прыйшоў.
Omitting the comma before а, але, бо, таму, каб, калі
It is always written.
Кватэра малая, але вельмі светлая.
The flat is small but very light.
<em>Але</em> for a real contrast - the second half pushes back on the first.
Я чытаю, а ён піша.
I am reading and he is writing.
<em>А</em> sets two things side by side without conflict.
Сёння не іду на працу, бо хворы.
I am not going to work today because I am ill.
<em>Бо</em> introduces the cause in one short word.
Я хворы, таму сёння не іду.
I am ill, so I am not going today.
The same information as the previous example, with cause and result the other way round.
Я хачу, каб ты прыйшоў у суботу.
I want you to come on Saturday.
Different subjects, so <em>каб</em> takes the past-tense form <em>прыйшоў</em> even though it is about the future.
Procvičit v kurzu
Použijte tuto gramatiku ve cvičeních kurzu A2