The fourth conjugation is small but includes verbs you meet constantly - audire (to hear), venire (to come), dormire (to sleep), scire (to know).
Can recognize Fourth conjugation present in a short Latin prompt
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We hear voices in the street.
The boy comes to school.
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The fourth conjugation is small but includes verbs you meet constantly - audire (to hear), venire (to come), dormire (to sleep), scire (to know). Its mark is the long i in the infinitive ending -ire, and that i stays loud and clear through the present tense.
Here is the present tense of audio (I hear):
| Person | Latin | English |
|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | audio | I hear |
| 2nd sg. | audis | you hear |
| 3rd sg. | audit | he/she/it hears |
| 1st pl. | audimus | we hear |
| 2nd pl. | auditis | you (all) hear |
| 3rd pl. | audiunt | they hear |
Examples: Vocem audio. - I hear a voice. Amici veniunt. - The friends are coming.
For English speakers: the trap is the "they" form. You might expect "audint", but the fourth conjugation slips in an extra u: the ending is -iunt, giving audiunt, veniunt. Remember too that the single Latin present covers three English shades - venit means "he comes", "he is coming", and "he does come" - so choose the English that fits the sentence; Latin does not spell out that difference.
Použijte tuto gramatiku ve cvičeních kurzu A1
Procvičovací cvičeníWe hear voices in the street.
Audimus - the long i holds through almost every form, which makes the fourth conjugation easier than the third. The exception is before -t and -nt: audit, audiunt.
The boy comes to school.
Venit here is present. The Roman word for a child's school is ludus - the same word as 'game'; schola in classical Latin is a lecture or philosophical school.
Procvičit v kurzu
Použijte tuto gramatiku ve cvičeních kurzu A1