ए-इज़ाफ़त, बे-, ना-, -आत — फ़ारसी से आई रचनाएँ
I can recognise Persian formations and read them correctly
Schau dir diese Beispiele an. Kannst du das grammatische Muster erkennen?
Das ist zwecklos.
Er ist mir böse.
Alle Papiere sind fertig.
Achte auf die hervorgehobenen Teile. Was haben sie gemeinsam?
A Persian linking vowel joins two nouns, written as a small -ए-: शेर-ए-पंजाब - the lion of Punjab. It survives in names, titles, film titles and poetry, and it reverses the Hindi order: the head comes first.
Some borrowed nouns keep their original plural: काग़ज़ात (papers), हालात (circumstances), मकानात (buildings). These are formal and appear mostly in writing.
Recognising the layer explains why बेकार is not built from any Hindi root, and why शेर-ए-पंजाब puts the lion first when Hindi would say पंजाब का शेर.
Wende diese Grammatik in den Übungen des Kurses B2 an
ÜbungsaufgabenTrying to parse a Persian word with Hindi morphology.
Persian word parsed with Hindi morphology
Recognise the layer first; bekar has no Hindi root.
izafat order read as Hindi order
sher-e-punjab puts the head first, unlike punjab ka sher.
Das ist zwecklos.
be- is the Persian negative prefix, like the Russian bes-.
Er ist mir böse.
na- plus the Persian raz.
Alle Papiere sind fertig.
An Arabic plural kept intact, formal in register.
Im Kurs üben
Wende diese Grammatik in den Übungen des Kurses B2 an