The essive use of -ad: professions (ekimad), functions (sachukrad), judgments (megobrad michachnia), transformations (sakhlad iktsa).
I can mark professions, functions, and transformations with the essive -ad.
Look at these examples. Can you spot the grammar pattern?
და ბათუმში ექიმად მუშაობს, ძმა კი - მასწავლებლად.
My sister works as a doctor in Batumi, and my brother - as a teacher.
ამ წიგნს საჩუქრად გიგზავნი - დაბადების დღე ხომ გაქვს!
I'm sending you this book as a present - it's your birthday after all!
თბილისი მეორე სახლად მექცა.
Tbilisi has become a second home to me.
Pay attention to the highlighted parts. What do they have in common?
Beyond making adverbs, -ად marks roles and functions: ექიმად მუშაობს (works as a doctor), საჩუქრად (as a gift), მეგობრად მიმაჩნია (I count him as a friend), სახლად მექცა (became a home to me). Wherever English says 'as' and Slavic uses the instrumental, Georgian reaches for -ად.
Apply this grammar in C1 course exercises
Practice ExercisesNominative roles (*mushaobs ekimi) and rogorts-phrases where the bare -ad is idiomatic.
Nominative role-predicates where -ad is required (mushaobs ekimi)
Role-marking drills: professions, transformations, and functions in -ad.
და ბათუმში ექიმად მუშაობს, ძმა კი - მასწავლებლად.
My sister works as a doctor in Batumi, and my brother - as a teacher.
ekimad mushaobs: -ad marks the role - the exact twin of the Slavic instrumental of profession.
ამ წიგნს საჩუქრად გიგზავნი - დაბადების დღე ხომ გაქვს!
I'm sending you this book as a present - it's your birthday after all!
sachukrad 'as a gift': -ad marks intended function.
თბილისი მეორე სახლად მექცა.
Tbilisi has become a second home to me.
sakhlad mektsa 'turned into a home for me': -ad with transformation verbs.
Practice in course
Apply this grammar in C1 course exercises