Making Adverbs: -ad
Adverb formation with -ad (k'argad, lamazad), language-of-speech adverbs (kartulad), and the nela/male exceptions.
I can describe how actions happen using correctly formed adverbs.
Look at these examples. Can you spot the grammar pattern?
შენ უკვე ძალიან კარგად ლაპარაკობ ქართულად!
You already speak Georgian very well!
მძღოლი ძალიან სწრაფად მიდიოდა.
The driver was going very fast.
ნელა ილაპარაკე, თუ შეიძლება - ვსწავლობ.
Speak slowly, please - I am learning.
Pay attention to the highlighted parts. What do they have in common?
From good to well
Adjective to adverb: drop -ი, add -ად - კარგი → კარგად (good → well), ლამაზი → ლამაზად (beautiful → beautifully). The same suffix names languages of speaking: ქართულად (in Georgian). Star exceptions: ნელა (slowly), მალე (soon).
Bare adjectives as adverbs (*k'argi lap'arak'ob) and over-regularizing the exceptions (*nelad).
Common Error Patterns
Using the bare adjective as an adverb or -ad on the exceptions
Adjective-to-adverb transform drills with the nela/male exception flashcards.
შენ უკვე ძალიან კარგად ლაპარაკობ ქართულად!
You already speak Georgian very well!
Double -ad: k'argad (well) and kartulad (in Georgian) - the same suffix makes both.
მძღოლი ძალიან სწრაფად მიდიოდა.
The driver was going very fast.
sts'rapi (fast-ADJ) - sts'rapad (fast-ADV): drop -i, add -ad.
ნელა ილაპარაკე, თუ შეიძლება - ვსწავლობ.
Speak slowly, please - I am learning.
nela (slowly) is the famous exception - no -ad, and a survival phrase for learners.
Practice in course
Apply this grammar in B1 course exercises