The post-verbal particle kholme marks habitual repetition: davdivar kholme (I usually go) vs mivdivar (I'm going).
I can distinguish and express habitual vs one-time actions using kholme.
Look at these examples. Can you spot the grammar pattern?
შაბათობით ბაზარში დავდივარ ხოლმე.
On Saturdays I usually go to the bazaar.
ზაფხულში ზღვაზე ვისვენებთ ხოლმე.
In summer we usually vacation at the sea.
ბებია ზღაპრებს გვიყვება ხოლმე.
Grandma usually tells us fairy tales.
Pay attention to the highlighted parts. What do they have in common?
The particle ხოლმე follows the verb and marks repeated, habitual action: ბაზარში დავდივარ ხოლმე (I usually go to the bazaar). Without it, the sentence describes one occasion. It pairs naturally with time words like შაბათობით (on Saturdays) and ზაფხულში (in summer).
Apply this grammar in A2 course exercises
Practice ExercisesPutting kholme before the verb (*kholme davdivar) and attaching it to one-time events (*gushin davdivar kholme - yesterday was once, no habit).
Placing kholme before the verb or using it for one-time events
Habit-vs-once contrast drills: mivdivar / davdivar kholme pairs.
შაბათობით ბაზარში დავდივარ ხოლმე.
On Saturdays I usually go to the bazaar.
kholme after the verb turns a statement into a habit.
ზაფხულში ზღვაზე ვისვენებთ ხოლმე.
In summer we usually vacation at the sea.
Seasonal habits love kholme: every summer, again and again.
ბებია ზღაპრებს გვიყვება ხოლმე.
Grandma usually tells us fairy tales.
Without kholme this is one telling; with it, a beloved family ritual.
Practice in course
Apply this grammar in A2 course exercises