Past forms of the modal/feeling verbs: mindoda, shemedzlo, vitsodi, miqvarda - imperfect morphology, dative architecture intact.
I can talk about what I wanted, could, knew, and loved in the past.
Look at these examples. Can you spot the grammar pattern?
ბავშვობაში ექიმობა მინდოდა.
In childhood I wanted to be a doctor.
შარშან ქართულად ვერ ვლაპარაკობდი, ახლა კი შემიძლია!
Last year I couldn't speak Georgian, but now I can!
მაშინ არ ვიცოდი, რომ ხინკალს ხელით ჭამენ.
Back then I didn't know that khinkali is eaten by hand.
Pay attention to the highlighted parts. What do they have in common?
Feeling and modal verbs form their past with imperfect-style -ოდ- forms, never the aorist: მინდა → მინდოდა (wanted), შემიძლია → შემეძლო (could), ვიცი → ვიცოდი (knew), მიყვარს → მიყვარდა (loved). The dative-experiencer architecture survives the tense shift untouched.
Apply this grammar in B1 course exercises
Practice ExercisesInventing aorist modals (*movinde, *shevedzeli) and switching the experiencer to nominative in the past.
Aorist-style forms for past modals (*movinde) instead of the -oda imperfects
Then-vs-now drills: minda/mindoda, shemidzlia/shemedzlo arcs.
ბავშვობაში ექიმობა მინდოდა.
In childhood I wanted to be a doctor.
minda - mindoda: the dative experiencer stays, the tense shifts.
შარშან ქართულად ვერ ვლაპარაკობდი, ახლა კი შემიძლია!
Last year I couldn't speak Georgian, but now I can!
ver + imperfect for past inability; the present shemidzlia closes the arc.
მაშინ არ ვიცოდი, რომ ხინკალს ხელით ჭამენ.
Back then I didn't know that khinkali is eaten by hand.
vitsi - vitsodi: knowledge in the past takes the -odi imperfect.
Practice in course
Apply this grammar in B1 course exercises